小狗长大后认得母狗吗:As 的用法

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As 的用法
  1. the same… assuch…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, ……一样…… 
  I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
  2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如' 
  As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. 
  As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. 
  As是关系代词。例1中的asknow的宾语;
  2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。
  一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分
  1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如:
  My grandmother’s house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.
  在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom.
  2. 动词短语先行成分。
  这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词doas / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。
  3. 句子作先行成分。
  这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。
  二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置
  由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况:
  1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。
  2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。
  3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
  三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能
  一般说来,aswhich的语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异。
  1. 表示结果
  表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。
  2. 表示评注
  表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从句中则常用一些表示合乎自然规律众所周知经常发生等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。
  3. 有无状语意义 
  “as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义),而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。
  四、关系代词aswhich的句法功能
  1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。
  as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be, seem),主语补语为usual a rule a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略),不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词。如:
  Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
  Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主语被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。
  2. aswhich都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。
  3. as which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如:
  We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
  “as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。
  如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as。如:
  He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
  4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。
  which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如:
  I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.

 

 

1 The money the man won in the lottery is ______dollars.

   A two millions  B two million  C two millions of  D two million of

2 You should eat ______ fruits and vegetables.

  A a little  B a lots of  C plenty of  D a plenty of

3 I’m not tired.If I were tired,I ______a rest.

  A had  B would have  C will have  D have

4. I _____ take a bus to school than ______ a taxi,for it’s cheaper.

  A would rather,riding B prefer to,ride  C would rather,ride D prefer, riding

5. I’m really shy and I just don’t enjoy parties,_____I don’t know anyone there?

  A What if  B How about  C What’s the matter D Why not

6. —      do you have an English party?

  —Once a month.

  A. How old    B. How far    C. How often    D. How long

7. —Did you use to play football?

  —      .

  A. No, I don’t    B. No, I used    C. No, I didn’t    D. Yes, I didn’t

8. The old man lived       but he didn’t feel       .

  A. lonely; alone    B. alone; alone    C. alone; lonely    D. lonely; lonely

9. —Is your father a teacher?

  —Well, he       .

  A. used to    B. like to    C. used to be    D. would be

10. —Do you want       ?

   —No, thanks!

  A. nothing else    B. else something    C. else anything    D. anything else

11. What       the forest of the USA in the last 350 years?

  A. has happened to    B. is happened to   

C. has happened at    D. is happening

12. —How do you study       a test?

   —I study       working       a group.

  A. for, in, with    B. for, by, at    C. for, by, with    D. of, in, by

13. I found learning English       because the teacher’s pronunciation was       .

  A. interesting; good    B. hard; good

C. difficult; good      D. frustrating; sweet

14. I am       of snakes.

  A.. terrify    B. terror    C. terrifing    D. terrified

15. —Tina didn’t go to school yesterday, did she?

   —      Bcause she was badly ill.

  A. Yes, she did    B. Yes, she didn’t    C. No, she didn’t    D. No, she did

16. If I were       , I would buy       to read.

  A. enough rich; enough books    B. rich enough; books enough

  C. enough rich; books enough    D. rich enough; enough books

17. Instead of       a letter, Tom made a telephone call to her mother.

  A. wrote    B. writing    C. write    D. to write

18. Mr Green is very strict       his students, and he is also strict       his work.

  A. in; with    B. with; in    C. with; with    D. in; in

19. I am sorry to have kept you       for a long time.

  A. wait    B. to wait    C. waiting    D. to wait

20. The fish smells       , you can’t eat it.

  A. badly    B. well    C. terribly    D. bad

21. He went to the railway station to       when the next train would arrive.

  A. look for    B. make sure    C. find    D. find out

22. —I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends.

   —      .They talk instead of doing homework.

  A. Yes, I agree    B. I think so    C. I disagree    D. That’s right

23. He is       boy, but he knows       .

  A. a 8-years-old; a lot of    B. an 8-year-old; a lot

  C. an 8-years-old; a lot     D. a 8-years-old; a lot of

24. —I       the maths test again.

   —I am sorry to hear that.

  A. past    B. took    C. passed    D. failed

25. —Mary is ill. When shall we go to see her, tonight or tomorrow night?

   —      . Either night is OK.

  A. I’m sure    B. I’m afraid not    C. I don’t know    D. I don’t mind