阴囊硬核:常用词用法

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目录

词与词组... 3

as 3

all over the worldacross the worldaround the worldin the world. 6

as soon as not再也乐意不过地... 6

Be so good as to do()=be good enough to do. 6

Cheer up 使振作起来,使高兴起来。Cheer:欢呼、喝彩。... 6

ever 6

even. 7

in the least . 丝毫,一点... 8

not in the least一点也不丝毫不... 8

in a word= in short 8

like-minded具有相似意向或目的的;志趣相投的... 8

might as well固定词组:..., 不妨... 8

much as=though... 8

Much. 8

More. 9

Not a few ,not a  little, quite a few a good few 表示相当多 ”. 9

yet 9

stuntman特技演员,替身演员... 10

The reason that/why+从句, the reason for+名词... 10

or else否则;要不然... 10

outgoing ['aut,go??外向的,外出的;出发的, 即将离职的, 直率的... 10

ongoing ['ɑn,go??前进的;进行的;不间断的... 10

连字符使用... 10

词的比较... 11

alone,lonely. 11

a lot of/lots of  plenty of  可数、不可数均可;... 11

a good many, a number ofa variety of varieties of修饰可数名词... 11

a great deal of a variety of a large mount of只修饰不可数... 11

many a+名词单数+谓语单数... 11

one and a half 作主语,谓语动词到底用单数还是复数?... 11

must\need\may开头的疑问句回答... 12

need. 12

hide from.. 14

不能省略的be----连接词用法... 14

allow doing/ allow sb to do sth. 14

advise sb to do sth / advise doing sth. 14

allowpermit的用法区别... 14

anyone/any oneno one/noneevery/each. 15

as foras to. 16

as far asso far as 17

as long asso long as 18

and,but,or 19

cannot but do, cannot help but do, cannot choose but do. cannot help doing. 22

cause sb sth=cause sth for sbcause sb to do sth. 22

could do nothing but do,have no choice but to do sth. 23

besides, except, except for, but, apart from.. 23

be afraid of doingto do. 24

begin / start to do sth  begin / start doing sth. 24

be to do, be going to do, be about to do的区别... 25

to begin with. 26

both,either,neither 26

but to do还是but do. 29

win beat defeat 的区别及搭配... 29

die offrom.. 30

both, either, neither, all, any,none-代词... 30

except, except for/that, besides,but 31

each otherone another 34

every , no, all, both,neither, nor 34

find的用法小结... 35

find的用法归纳... 36

forbid sb to do sth / forbid doing sth. 37

gamecompetition. 37

Hope to do/that/for; wish to do/that/for, wish sb. to do. 38

have been inhave been tohave gone to. 40

in case in case of/that 1.假使,以防(万一)免得 2.如果,万一,以防 3.假使,以防(引导虚拟语气) 41

in the case of adv....的情况... 41

in fun  for fun. 41

is anyone here is everyone here. 42

perhaps/maybe/may be/probably的区分... 42

join,join in,take part in. 43

keep on doing sth , keep  doing sth. 44

In shape,  keep/be in shape,keep fit 44

keep to:保持坚持遵守... 44

knock onknock at的区别:没什么大区别... 44

make sb adj.   make sb do. 44

More than的用法... 45

less than 的用法... 47

prefer sth to sth; prefer doing to doing; prefer to do rather than do; prefer sth rather than sth; 52

point atpoint topoint out 52

SaySpeaktalkcalltell 53

there is going to be,there is going to have×. 55

till / until 56

Up to date正在进行中... 57

whether  if 57

It make me relax/relaxed;I feel relax/relaxed?. 58

none, few, some, any, one, ones-代词... 58

oneones替代词的用法:... 60

onethatit-代词... 61

one,another,the other-代词... 61

Only ifif only的用法区别... 61

spend pay cost take afford. 62

thatwhich. 64

the. 65

that 65

would like/love to do sth. 喜欢做某事... 68

You don’t say so未必吧,不可能吧!... 68

You don’t say真的吗?really?. 68

-ly结尾的形容词friendlydeadlylovelylonelylikelylivelyuglybrotherly. 68

有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如dailyweeklymonthlyyearlyearly等。... 68

用形容词表示类别和整体... 69

形容词修饰名词的顺序... 69

兼有两种形式的副词... 72

as +形容词或副词原级 + as 73

可修饰比较级的词a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even  74

习题汇编... 74

选择... 74

完成句子... 77

 

 

 

 

词与词组

as

As在新版词典《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(牛津出版社第6版)、《朗文当代英语词典》(外语教学及研究出版社·朗文出版社)中,一般认为as可以做三种词性,即副词、介词和连词。原来的《学生实用英汉词典》(刘锐诚主编)、《新英汉词典》(上海译文出版社)词典上一般把其分为四种词性,即副词、介词、连词和代词。实际上四种词性和三种词性本质上是一样的。因为as作代词的用法实际上多是以关系代词的形式出现在一些固定结构中,如:…such…as……the same…as…等结构中,而关系代词实际上也是一种连词,所以为了能更好的说明问题,在此笔者采用后者说法按四种词性进行分析,现将其用法详述如下:

1.副词:如同,一样

e.g. Tom runs fast, but I run just as fast. 汤姆跑得快,可是我和他跑的一样快。

2 介词:作为,如同

e.g. He works as a teacher.他是做老师的。

Fight as men, or die as slaves?男子汉一样地战斗,还是奴隶般死去?

He talked to me like my father.(像但不是父亲)他说起话来像我爸爸。

He talked to me as my father.(一般指的是父亲)他作为父亲和我谈话。

3 连词:

①(表示比较)像……一样

e.g. The work is not so easy as you imagine.  这项工作没有你想象的容易。

(表示方式)按照,如同

e.g. State the facts as they are.    如实地陈述事实。

(表示时间)……的时候

e.g. As a young man, he joined the Eighth Route Army. 他在年轻时就加入了八路军。

(表示结果和目的)以至于……

e.g. Be so good as to come and join us.     务请来参加我们的活动。Be so good as to do()=be good enough to doBe good enough to post this letter請把這封信發了

(表示让步)虽然,尽管

e.g. Much as I like it, I will not buy it.虽然我很喜欢这东西,但是我不会买它。

⑥(表示原因)因为,由于

e.g. We all like her as she is kind.     因为她善良我们都喜欢她。

4.代词:(作关系代词,常引导先行词有the samesuchsoas等修饰的定语从句中)

①像……一样的人或物;凡是……的人或物

e.g. My hometown is no longer the same as it was. 我的家乡已经不是过去的样子了。

    Such teachers as he knows are all kind to him.  他认识的老师对他都很好。

    I want to buy the same pen as you are using.   我想买和你正用的一样的钢笔。

    Let students read such books as will make them learn more knowledge.

    让学生读一些让他们学到更多知识的书。

②这一点

e.g. As is announced in the papers, our country has launched another man-made earth satellite.   报上已经宣布,我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。

As we know, the earth moves around the sun. 正如我们知道, as 作为关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,这里“as”就在“as we know”这个从句中指代了“the earth moves around the sun”整个主句。

5.在as…as… …than…引导的比较状语从句中,常省略与主句相同的部分:

e.g.She can hold her breath longer than I (can hold my breath).

她比我摒住呼吸的时间更长。

He is as strong as his brother (is strong).   他和他的哥哥一样结实。

The weather in Nanjing is as hot as (the weather is hot) in Wuhan.

 南京的天气和武汉的一样热。

We will try to run as fast as (it is) possible. 我们尽量跑得快一些。

I like coffee more than (I like) tea.           我比平常更喜欢咖啡。

He ate more than usual (he usually eats).       他吃得比平时多。

高考重现:

1、(06国三-14——Did you take enough money with you?

——No, I needed ______ I thought I would.

Anot so much as Bas much as Cmuch more than Dmuch less than

2、(06-28A typhoon swept across this area with heavy rains and winds _______ strong as 113 miles per hour.

Atoo Bvery Cso Das

3、(06-12The Beatles, ______many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

Awhat Bthat Chow Das

4、(06-26Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada,_______ this was a memory she especially treasured.

Aas Bif Cwhen Dwhere

5、(04-22I feel that one of my main duties ______ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.

Afor Bby Cas Dwith

6、(04-34______ is reported  in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.

AIt BAs CThat DWhat

7、(05-23________________________ , Carolina couldn’t get the door open.

ATry as she might BAs she might try

CShe might as try DMight she as try

8It’s the same person ______ we wanted to find yesterday .

Aas Bthat Cwhich Dwhom

Keys:1C 2D 3D 4A 5C 6B 7A 8A

as soon as. ......,不迟于;立即

all over the world,across the world,around the world,in the world

all around the world  = all over the world = throughout the world = everywhere in the world

复数名词 + across the world 与上述同义.

而单数名词 + across the world 则有"穿越"之意,

around the world all over the world , 会比across the world 更为普遍~

as soon as not再也乐意不过地

Be so good as to do请(做)=be good enough to do

She would go as soon as not. 她可太乐意去了。

Be so good as to come and join us.     务请来参加我们的活动。

Be good enough to post this letter請把這封信發了

Cheer up 使振作起来,使高兴起来。Cheer:欢呼、喝彩。

 ever

副词 ad.

1.       (多用于疑问句、否定句和表示条件和比较的附属从句)在任何时候;从来;至今; 曾经

If you ever see George, give him my kind regards.

如果你见到乔治,请代我向他致以亲切的问候。

She was happier than she had ever been. 她比以前任何时候都更高兴。

He is one of the very best men I have ever met. 他是我遇见的最好的人之一。

No such person ever existed.这样的人从来没有存在过。

Have you ever been to London? 你到过伦敦吗?

2. 永远,始终;总是

He is ever ready to help you. 他总是乐意帮助你的。

3. (用于疑问副词或代词之后,加强语气)究竟,到底

Who ever can it be? 那究竟会是谁呢?

What ever put that idea in your head? 到底是什么使你想出那个主意的?

4. 【美口】(用于加强感叹语气)非常

Was she ever tired!

even

形容词 a.

1. 平的,平坦的,平滑的[(+with)] The road wasn't even. 这条路不平。

2. 一致的;同样的;齐的[(+with)] Her teeth were white and even. 她的牙齿洁白而整齐。

3. 对等的;均等的,相等的The score is now even. 现在得分相等。

4. 【数】偶数的[Z]

5. 均匀的;平稳的The car went with an even motion.汽车行驶平稳。

6. 恰好的,整整的Twelve apples makes an even dozen. 十二个苹果正好一打。

副词 ad.

1. (加强语气)甚至;

Even Mrs. Smith could not help laughing. 甚至史密斯太太也忍不住笑了起来。

2. (用于比较级前)甚至更,

This book is even more useful than that.这本书比那本更加有用。

3. 实际上;甚至可以说

He is ready, even eager to go. 他乐意甚至可以说渴望前去。

及物动词 vt.

1. 使平坦;弄平She evened the edges by trimming them. 她把边缘修齐。

2. 使相等Our team evened the score in the last minute.我们队在最后一分钟将比分拉

Fall into落入;陷于;河流注入;落入,陷入,分成;分成;

in the least . 丝毫,一点

1.一点(也不),丝毫(不)

2. 一点,丝毫,极少

3. 用来强调否定,意思是丝毫,一点儿。

not in the least一点也不,  丝毫不

in a word= in short

1.       总而言之;一言以蔽之 2.简而言之,一句话= in short

like-minded具有相似意向或目的的;志趣相投的

形容词 adj.具有相似意向或目的的; 志趣相投的; 观点相同的; 心灵相似的

might as well固定词组:该...做, 不妨

As long as we've driven this far, we might as well go on. 我们既然已经驶得这么远了,就不妨继续前进.

much as(=though)

1.(虽然,尽管)表让步

2. 虽然,即使

 

Much

形容词 a.

1. 许多;大量的;很大程度的How much rent do you pay? 你付多少租金? The English do not drink much wine. 英国人喝酒不多。

代词 pron.

1. 许多,大量Much of the time was wasted. 许多时间都浪费掉了。

2. 重要的事物;了不起的事物

副词 ad.

1. 非常;I don't much care for television. 我不太喜欢看电视。

2. (加强比较级或最高级)远为,...得多She is much the most active member in our group. 她绝对是我们组最活跃的成员。 Our room is much bigger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的大多了。

3. 常常,好久Do you dine out much? 你常在外面用餐吗?

4. 差不多,几乎The house looked much as I expected it to. 这房子看上去几乎与我所料想的一模一样。

much-复合形 comb.form

1. (结合过去分词构成形容词)表示",非常,,大大,"(:much-needed很需要的 ,much-improved大为改进的)

More

形容词 a.

1. (many, much的比较级)更多的;更高程度的[+(than)]He has more chance than ever. 他从来没有这样的大好机会。

2. 另外的,附加的If you still feel hungry, there is more food in the kitchen. 如果你还饿,厨房里还有东西。

代词 pron.

1. 更多的数量;更多的人(或事物)[(+of/than)]Instead of fewer accidents, there were more. 意外事故非但没有减少,反而增多了。

2. 额外的数目;另外的一些

副词 ad.

1. (用以构成形容词或副词的比较级)[(+than)]His illness was more serious than the doctor first thought. 他的病情比医生原先所料的更严重。

2. (much的比较级)更多;更大程度地You should sleep more than you do. 你应该有更多的睡眠。

3. 另外;They stayed there two days more. 他们在那里又呆了两天。

4. 而且

 

 

 

Not a few ,not a  little, quite a few a good few 表示“相当多 ”

yet

副词 ad.

1. (用于否定句)() The moon has not risen yet. 月亮还没有升起。

2.(用于疑问句)现在,已经 Has he finished the work yet? 那工作他做完了没有?

3.总有一天,终必He will suffer for fun yet. 他总有一天会因贪玩吃苦头。

4. (与比较级连用),益发That job is yet more demanding. 那个工作甚至更加费力。

5. (once,another等连用)I have yet another question to ask. 我还有一个问题要问。

6. (与最高级连用)到目前(或当时)为止(...)

7. ,然而My room is small yet cosy.我的房间很小,但很舒适。

8. 依然,There is hope for her yet. 她的事仍有希望。

连接词 conj.

1.       可是,,然而

stuntman特技演员,替身演员

 

 

The reason that/why+从句, the reason for+名词

or else否则;要不然

He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话,要不就是疯了。

 

outgoing ['aut,go??外向的,外出的;出发的, 即将离职的, 直率的

a. 1. 外出的;出发的 2. 即将离职的 3. 直率的

n. 1. 出发;出外 2. (常复数)开支;费用

1.外向活泼 2.外向的,友好的,开朗的 3.外向的;爽直的 4.在外阴影 5.外出,(复)支出,开销 6.外向的,爱社交的

ongoing ['ɑn,go??前进的;进行的;不间断的

a. 1. 前进的;进行的;不间断的

n. 1.

ongoing 1.正在进行的 2.持续的 Ongoing 1.正在进行的

连字符使用

用于形容词短语中表达年龄、大小、重量和时间的长短等:

a five-year-old child五岁的孩子

a tenton vehicle十吨卡车

a six-foot wall六英尺高的墙

a fiveminute interval五分钟休息

注意:复合词没有复数形式,不加s

 

 

词的比较

alone,lonely

alone可以作形容词,但是只做表语,不用做定语。

He was alone in the house.

也可以做副词。He came alone.独自的意思,不含感情色彩

lonely既可以作定语,也可以作表语。

作表语是寂寞孤立的意思,一般指人孤独寂寞;作定语指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的感情色彩

She lives alone ,but she doesn't feel lonely.

She felt lonely when she was left alone.

a lonely place

a lot of/lots of  plenty of  可数、不可数均可;

a good many, a number of,a variety of 和varieties of修饰可数名词

a variety of 和varieties of后面只加可数名词的复数形式,两者没什么区别,意思是“各种各样的……”

 

a great deal of, a variety of, a large mount of只修饰不可数

[U1] many a+名词单数+谓语单数

 

one and a half 作主语,谓语动词到底用单数还是复数?

“One and a half +复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

例如:

One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。(《英语通》高二版2003年第10,P.8)

One and a half months has elapsed.(《英语惯用法大辞典》中国科技出版社,1994, P. 896)

One and a half apples is left on the table.”《英语惯用法词典》葛传椝 ,P. 285)

《牛津6版》2个例句就解决问题啦:

One and a half hours is/are allowed for the exam.

An hour and a half is allowed for the exam.

说明:one and a half + 复数名词 做主语,谓语通常是用复数的,但因为时间/距离hours/days/miles等经常可以看成一个数目,所以也有人用单数的谓语。人们更经常用的是复数谓语:

《牛津7版》One and a half hours are allowed for the exam.

《朗文》:One and a half months have passed since I saw him.

两种用法都是通用的。one and a half years 的谓语动词常常用复数。但是a year and a half的谓语动词则用单数,因为 year and a half被看作是一个时间段(a period of a year and a half)。这里要求使用单数还有一个原因:谓语动词紧接在a half之后(proximity接近原则):A year and a half has passed. (CGEL)一年半已经过去了。”(:《英语考试向导》高考学生版1997年第7P. 23对此有过论述。)

must\need\may开头的疑问句回答

must-Yes,you should.               No,you needn't.

need-Yes,you should/may/can/need    No.you needn't/musn't.

may-Yes,you may/can.               No,you mustn't/can't.

need

当它是情态动词的时候,肯定形式就是need do sth.否定形式是needn\'t do sth.

当它是普通动词时候,肯定形式是need to do sth.否定形式是don\'t need to do sth.

重要的是,need当情态动词时,一般不用于肯定句,且作为must提问的否定回答,如:

must I do the homework no,you needn\'t.

need to do sth实义动词

need do sth. 没有这种用法,有need doing,表被动

needn`t do sth情态动词

don`t need实义动词

 

“need”双重角色的用法及其区别

“need”既可以作情态动词,也可以作实义动词,但是它们的用法不同。

作为情态动词的“need”的用法与其他情态动词“can”“may”“must”的用法基本相同:在限定动词词组中总是位居第一,没有非限定形式,即没有不定式、-ing分词或-ed分词等形式;第三人称单数现在时没有词形变化;情态动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能有一个情态动词。下面是“need”作为情态动词的用法:

一、need表示需要必须,通常用于否定句和疑问句。例如:

1You needn't do it again.你不需要再做了。

2He needn't worry about it.这件事他无需担心。

3Need he do this homework first?他需要先做这些作业吗?

4Need they fill in the form?他们需要填表吗?

二、在否定句中,可以用need的否定形式+不定式完成体。例如:

1We needn't have worried.其实我们不必要慌。

2You needn't have mentioned it.你本来不必提起这件事。

3You needn't have said that when he asked.当他问的时候,你其实不必要说。

三、needn't后的不定式间或也能用进行式或被动语态。例如:

1He needn't be standing in the rain.他不必要站在雨中。

2We needn't be waiting in this place.我们不必要在这儿等。

3The hedges needn't be trimmed thisweek.本周树蓠不必要整修。

“need”作为实义动词时,通常用法是:

人+need to do 物+need doing 物+need to be done

另外,“need”后还可以直接跟名词。请看下面的例子:

1We need to collect the parcel before we leave for England.去英国之前,我们需要收拾好行李。

2We need to tell him the truth.我们需要告诉他真相。

3My car needs repairing.我的汽车需要修理。

4The flowers need watering.这些花需要浇水。

5His leather shoes needs to be mended.他的皮鞋需要修补。

6Her room needs cleaning.她的房间需要打扫。

7It is aquestion that needs very careful consideraton.这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题

hide from

1hide from sb:躲着某人(不跟某人碰面,不让某人找到自己)

例句:He often hide from his old friends.

2hide sb/sth from sb/sth:把某人/某物/某事(隐)藏起来不让某人/某机构发现/找到等;

例句:You'd better hide your secrets from strangers

3hide sb/sth from doing sth:把某人/某物/某事藏起来,以便不让某个动作行为发生。该结构是第2种情况的变形,用动名词替代名词。

例句:Government always hides truth or scandals from being exposed/revealed to the public.

不能省略的be----连接词用法

1.例:I am your servant _______ preparing breakfast for you.

A.      and  B.and is C. and am D. am

答案:C 解析:这是两个主语相同的句子,可以用and连接起来,第一个am“系动词,第二个是助动词,不能省略。

2.类似句子:

But we should not only be healthy ,  ______ in good shape.

A.      and should be B. but also should be C.but should be D. but also be

答案:D解析:后面子句与前面子句助动词相同时,助动词可省略。

若连接词连接多个不定词to,第一个必须保留,其它的可省去。

例:Do you like to drink some tea or have some coffee?

allow doing/ allow sb to do sth

allow doing是某人允许做某事; allow sb to do sth 是允许某人做某事

advise sb to do sth / advise doing sth

allow与permit的用法区别

  一、 两者均可表示允许,其区别是

  permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许,其语气较重;而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对,有时含有听任或默许之意,语气较轻。如:

  Nothing is permitted; everything is allowed. 一切都没明文规定可以做,但一切做了也无妨。

  The nurse allowed him to remain therethough it was not permitted. 护士让他留在那儿,而按规定那是不许可的。

  二、从用法上看

  两者后接动词作宾语时,均要用动名词形式,而不能用不定式。如:

  We don’t allow [permit] swimming in the pool. 我们不许在池子里游泳。

  但是若其后接有名词或代词,那么其后须接不定式。如:(from www.nmet168.com)

  We don’t allow [permit] children to swim in the pool. 我们不许孩子们在池子里游泳。

  注意这类结构的被动式之后可用不定式(此时的不定式不是宾语,而是主语补语)。如:

  正:We do not allow [permit] people to smoke here.

  正:People are not allowed [permitted] to smoke here.

  误:People are not allowed [permitted] smoking here.

anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each

1anyone any one

anyone仅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。

2no onenone

a none后跟of短语,既可指人又可指物,而no one只单独使用,只指人。

b none作主语,谓语动词用单,复数均可,而no one作主语谓语动词只能是单数。例如:

None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。

---- Did any one call me up just now?--刚才有人打电话给我吗?

---- No one. --没有。

3everyeach

1 every强调全体的概念, each强调个体概念。例如:

Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。

Each student may have one book..每个学生都可有一本书。

2 every指三个以上的人或物(含三个),each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。

3 every只作形容词,不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。例如:

Every boy has to take one.每个男孩必须取一个。

Each boy has to take one.

Each of the boys has to take one.

4 every不可以作状语,each可作状语。

5 every有反复重复的意思,如 every two weeks等; each没有。

6 everynot连用,表示部分否定; eachnot连用表示全部否定。例如:

Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。

Each man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实。

as for,as to

as for (至于,就……方面说) as to (至于;关于)这两个复合介词在含义上相当接近,但在用法上差别很多。下面谈它们的这些差别。

1as for

1)用以转换话题:在有前文的情况下as for总是出现在下文的句首,用来引出另外一方或者新的谈话内容,但与前文内容也有一定的联系,起到补充前文又突出后文的作用,使之与前文形成对照,译作至于。例如:

You van have a bedas for himhe'll have to sleep on the floor

Much pasture land is underwaterand as for the grain, most of that has been ruined

2)用以表现态度:as for还可以用来表示讲话人对某人或某物持有轻蔑冷淡的态度,甚至有憎恶之感,讲话时要重读引出的词语并在其后稍作停顿,以示强调,口气上带有嘲讽意味,译作汉语的至于……。例如:

As for youI never want to see you here in my home again

As for his songsI suppose you've read the sarcastic reviews !

2as to

1)表示涉及某点:as to常放于句中,表示关于……方面有关……之事,但为了突出要提及的人或事之时,也可将as to置于句首,以示强调。但只涉及内容,而不涉及讲话人的态度。例如:

His wifean old teacherhas n0 complaint as to salary

As to your ability to overfulfil the targetI never had the slightest doubt

2)用以重提旧事:as to引出的内容都是前文曾经提到过的或者谈话对方都有所了解的,表示说到之义。,例如:

As to doing thatI haven't decided yet

As to the question you raised in your last letterI think that it is

unanswerable

3)用于提出问题:as to必须位于句中,前面出现的大都是表达某种心理活动的动词,形容词或名词,浜笠 映鰓h-clausewho-to-v结构,表示……的问题上……问题来讲,所引出的问题都有很强的针对性。但有人认为这里的as to显得多余,去之亦通。所以,有时也不必译出。例如:

There is some doubt as to whether the proposal is practicable

I enquired of the clerk as to which documents were needed

4.引出做事的依据:as to还有按照根据的含义,而as for则无此义。例如:

The shoes are correctly placed on the shelf as to size and colour

The items on the agenda are listed as to order of importance

综上所述,as for as to在确切含义的表达和具体用法上都是有很大差别的,不能将二者混为一谈。

 

as far as与so far as

(一)用于指距离,表示“直到……为止”之意时,as far as既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句,但so far as只能用于否定句中。
例如:We went as far as Lion Rock Tunnel. 我们一直走到狮子山隧道公路那儿。 
They did not go as far as the others. 他们没有像其他的人走得那么远。 
(此句的as far as可以改作so far as) 
(二)在表示“直到……程度”之意的借喻说法中,as far as和so far as都可使用,但前者不及后者用得普遍。例:she went so far as (or as far as) to call him a coward. 她甚至骂他是儒夫。 
(三)在表示“就……而论”之意时,as far as和so far as可互换使用。例: As (So) far as I know,she will be away from Macao for two months. 
据我所知,她将要离开澳门两个月。 
As (So) far as my knowledge goes,there is no such word in English. 
据我所知,英语里没有这样一个字。 
(四)在表示“只要”、“尽……所能”之意时,应用as far as,不用so far as。例:
 I'll do my utmost to help you as far as I can. 只要可能,我一定竭尽全力来帮你。 Eric Partridge在他编著的Usage and Abusage一书中写道(第44页),在用作比喻意义的叙述句里,so far as比as far as用得普遍,他举了这样一个例子:so far as I can see,your idea is admirable.

as long as与so long as

as long as:只要,如果,既然,由于;达…之外,长达
so long as只要,如果;既然,由于;具有优势
一、在表示during the whole time that(长达……之久)或while(只要)的含义时,往往用as long as。如: 
1. they all continued their regard for me as long as they lived. 他们毕生都在关心着我. 
2. For almost as long as Juanita could remember, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing seemed as easy as breathing, and as natural. 在胡安妮塔的记忆中,加减乘除对自己来说早就是如同呼吸一样简单而自然了. 
3. As long as there is life there is hope. 留得生命在,不怕没希望. 
二、在表示on condition that, provided that或if(只要,如果)的含义时,用as long as或so long as的情况均很常见。如: 
1. You can go out, as / so long as you promise to be back before 11 o'clock. 你可以出去,只要你答应在11点以前回来. 
2. I'll accept any job as / so long as I don't have to get up early. 只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受. 
3. So / As long as electric current flows through a wire, there is a potential difference. 只要有电流通过,导线就有电位差. 
4. these stories reinforced the idea that all individuals, no matter how poor, were capable of becoming wealthy so / as long as they were hardworking. 这些故事强化了一种思想,那就是,所有人,不管有多穷,只要勤劳,都能变富有. 
三、在表示since, considering that(既然,因为)的含义时,多用as long as。如: 

1. As long as we've driven this far, we might as well go on. 我们既然已经驶得这么远了,就不妨继续前进. might as well固定词组:该...做, 不妨

2. As long as you are here, go on. 你既然已经来到这里了,就干吧.
3. As long as you are going, I'll go too. 既然你要去,那么我也去. 
四、有时,as / so long as与if only同义,由它引导的状语分句可不依附主句而单独使用,表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾心情等。如: 
—It's said it's going to turn colder and freeze later on. 听说过些时候天气要变冷,有冰冻.
—As long as it doesn't spoil the weekend. (=I hope that it doesn't spoil the weekend.) 只要不把周末弄糟了就没事. 
五、在用as / so long as连接的从句中,当其谓语为be,而主语和主句的主语相同时,则从句的主语和be可以省略。如: 
I'm sure we are safe as long as(we are) in his care. 我深信只要在他的保护下,我们就会平安无事. 
 

and,but,or

and的六点用法◆

(1) 表示联合,意为而且

We were cold and hungry. 我们饥寒交迫。

I woke up and got out of bed. 我醒了就起床了。

He played the piano and she sang. 他弹钢琴,她唱歌。

(2) 有时用于连接两个相同的词语,表示连续性:

The train ran faster and faster. 火车开得越来越快。

We waited for hours and hours. 我们一直等了好几个小时。

The boys laughed and laughed. 这些孩子笑个不停。

【注】但有时连接两个相同名词表示不同的质量和种类:

There are dictionaries and dictionaries. 词典很多,有好有坏。

Don’t worry—there are rules and rules. 别担心——规则与规则不一样。

(3) 在口语中用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的,大致相当于不定式符号 to

Come and have tea with me. 过来跟我一起喝杯茶。

We ought to stop and think. 我们应该停下来想一想。

(4) 有时用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为那么

Work hard and you’ll succeed. 努力干吧,你会成功的。

Arrive late once more and you’re fired. 你再迟一次,你就会被开除。

比较:If you work hard, you’ll succeed. 如果你努力干,你会成功的。

(5) 有时表示对比(有类似but的意思)

He is rich, and (yet) leads a modest life. 他很富有,但却过着朴素的生活。

Robert is secretive and David is candid. 罗伯特深藏不露,而戴维则有啥说啥。

(6) 用在 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示

It’s nice and cool under the tree. 这树下很凉快。

The book is good and expensive. 这本书很贵。

or的用法归纳◆

表示选择,意为”“还是

Is the radio off or on? 无线电关上了还是开着的?

Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡?

Is he asleep or awake? 他睡着了还是醒着?

Are you going to America by boat or by air? 你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机?

You may go or stay, according as you decide. 是去是留由你自己决定。

Are you from North China or South China? 你是华北人还是华南人?

You can come now or you can meet us there later. 你可以现在来,也可以稍晚和我们在那里碰头。

表示一种否定的条件,意为否则

Come on, or we’ll be late.  快点,否则我们要迟到了。

Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 赶快,否则你上学就要迟到了。

Dress warmly, or else you’ll catch cold. 穿暖和点,否则你会感冒的。

Be careful, or you’ll break that vase! 小心,否则你会把那花瓶打碎!

Cross the road very carefully. Look both ways, or you might be knocked down. 过马路要非常小心,要看两边,不然会被车撞倒。

可表示要不就是

He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话,要不就是疯了。or else否则;要不然

The book must be here, or else you’ve lost it. 这书一定在这儿,要不就是你丢失了。

用于否定句中代替and

He was not clever or good-looking. 他不聪明,也长得不好看。

比较:

They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。

They didn't sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。

用于习语

The work is more or less finished. 工作大体上完成了。more or less 1.或多或少,左右;有点儿 2.差不多,几乎,大约 3.迟早 4.或多或少; 大约 5.或多或少;几乎 6.增减

They consist of 1700 or more tribes. 他们由1700个或更多部族构成。

There’s just one or two details I want to make sure about. 还有一两个细节我想弄清楚。

Either your mother or your father may come with you. 你母亲或是你父亲会陪你去。

but的用法举例◆

1. 连接词或短语

It was a sunny but not very warm day. 那一天天气晴朗,却不太暖和。

He drives not carefully but slowly. 他开车不是很小心,而是开得很慢。

2. 连接句子

This isn’t a good one but it will answer. 这不太好,但可以将就用。

He looks honest, but actually he’s a rogue. 他看起来很老实,实际他是一个坏蛋。

She has had no answer to him but he gave no answer. 我向他说了早上好,但他没有回应。

The ice remained, but there was no water underneath. 冰还在,但下面却没有水。

Mrs. Brown was about to begin, but Jennie spoke first. 布朗夫人正要开始讲话,珍妮先讲了。

At first he was a little shy, but now he acts more natural. 开始时他有些腼腆但现在他表现得很自然了。

There was a little trouble at first, but things were soon quiet. 起初有点小麻烦后来情况就平静了。

3. 用于句首

But that question doesn’t arise. 但没发生那个问题。

But in secret she was delighted. 但她暗中感到高兴。

But what else can we do? 我们还能做什么?

But in the end he gave in. 但最后他还是让步了。

But there’s one thing we are agreed on. 但有一点大家的意见是一致的。

4. 用于道歉的表达之后

Sorry, but we’re behind schedule. 抱歉,我们落在计划后了。

I’m frightfully sorry, but I can’t see you today. 太对不起了,我今天不能见你。

Excuse me, but I don’t think that’s quite true. 很抱歉,我认为这与事实略有出入。

5. 用于not…but…,表示不是……而是……”

Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。

6. 用在某些否定语后,表示……”

He eats nothing but hamburgers. 他只吃汉堡包。

She knows no one but you. 她只认识你。

You have nobody but yourself to blame. 只能怪你自己。

No one but me saw her. 只有我看见他。

7. 用于next (last) but one 中,表示隔壁再过去”“倒数第……”

He lives in the next house but one. 他住在隔壁再过去一家。

He was the last but one to arrive. 他是倒数第二个到的。

8. can’t help but 不由得不……

You can’t help but respect them. 你不由得不尊敬他们。

When they gave him a ticket to the game, he couldn’t help but go. 他们给了他一张看球赛的票,他不由得不去。

I can’t help but wonder what I should do next. 我不由得不想知道下一步该怎么办。

【注意】不要按汉语意思将虽然但是…”直译为although…but…

误:Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉thoughbut中任一个)

cannot but do, cannot help but do, cannot choose but do. cannot help doing

cannot but do1. 不得不 2. 不能不

cannot help but do不得不这样

He cannot choose but(不得不) stay on.他没法只好待下去

cannot help doing不得不;忍不住

cause sb sth=cause sth for sb;cause sb to do sth

cause sb sth=cause sth for sb 给某人带来……一般是麻烦等

cause sb to do sth使得某人做某事

 

could do nothing but do,have no choice but to do sth.

...之外别无选择;to do 短语作名词与choice保持一致

 

besides, except, except for, but, apart from

1besides 表示以外,(还,也),相当于 in addition to.

例如:

Besides English, they also study math, physics and chemistry

除了英语以外,他们还学习数学,物理和化学。

注意: 不要将besidesbeside 混淆。beside旁边的意思。

2 except 表示外,(其余都)…”,常与alleveryno, none, nothing 等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。 

except 是英语中少数用法最为活跃的介词之一, 其后除了可跟名(代)词外, 还可跟另一介词短语、动词不定式短语或 that 引导的从句

例如:

   He answered all the questions except the last one. 

   除了最后一个问题外,所有的问题他都回答了。

   I went nowhere except to the library.  除了图书馆以外,我哪儿都没有去。

试比较:

   We all went except him.  除了他(没去)以外,我们都去了。

   Three others also went besides him.   除了他(去了)以外, 还去了三个人。

[] except except for区别

except for 也表示以外,但是和 except 不同的是: except 连用的整体词和 except 所跟的词常常是同类的,是指整体除去一部份; 而与 except for 连用的整体词与 except for 所跟的词往往不是同类的,是指整体中除去一个细节。

例如:

   Your composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 

   除了几处拼写错误以外, 你的作文写得很好。

   Except for an old lady, the bus was empty.   除了有一个老太太以外, 这辆公共汽车是空的。

 3 apart from 表示之外。根据上、下文的不同,它既可用作 besides, 也可用作 except except for

例如:

 Apart from them, I had no one to talk to. = except

 除了他们以外, 我没有人说话。

    Apart from other considerations, time is also a factor. (=besides

    除了别的考虑之外,时间也是一个因素。

   (It is) Good work apart from a few slight faults.  (= except for

除了几个小毛病以外,这是一篇佳作。

be afraid of doing,to do

OF doing 是指害怕某种事物 可以表示经常性习惯性的 比如说我害怕开车 I am afraid of driving.to do表示的情况比较具体化 比如说你今天晚上喝了很多酒 害怕去开车 就要说 I am afraid to drive tonight.

这个的用法你可以类比一下like to do like doing 前者表示具体的某一次 而后者表示倾向性的习惯性的喜爱

begin / start to do sth  begin / start doing sth

1) 谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时,使用doing.

How old were you when you first started playing the piano?

你几岁时开始弹钢琴?

2) begin, start用进行时时,后面动词用不定式to do

I was beginning to get angry

我开始生起气来。

3) attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时,常用不定式to do

I begin to understand the truth

我开始明白真相。

4) 物作主语时

It began to melt.

be to do, be going to do, be about to do的区别

1be to do: 

(1)表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。如:

The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。

2)表示可能性,必要、责任、义务、禁止等。如:

Her necklace was not to(couldn't)be found. 她的项链找不到了。

2) be going to do: 

1) 表示将要发生的事情或打算最近要进行的动作。如:

It is going to rain soon. 快要下雨了。

2) 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中,主句一般不用be going to,而常用will(第一人称用shall)。如:

The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,足球赛将被推迟举行。

3) be about to do: 

1) 表示即将发生的动作,在时间上指最近的将来。如:

We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。

The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。

2) 在含有be about to do的句子中,不能再加时间状语。如:

Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately. 

Right: The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。

 

附:be to do 用法的详细讲解:

be to +动词不定式中的be to用作情态习语这时的be to do表示: “计划安排义务应该可能命运等。(have to, ought to)。如:  

He is to have a holiday. (表示将来)  

The committee is to meet today. (表示计划、安排)  

You are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.  

1. 表示 “计划安排(意思接近于be going to) 如:  

Their daughter is to get married soon.  

It was the last film at the cinemawhich was to close next day.  

was/ were to do 表示过去曾经计划要做的事,或者过去应当做的事,而且从现在的角度来看已经实现了。如:  

I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.  

The expedition was to start in a week’s time.  

was/ were to have done, 表示 “本打算本计划本应当” 做的事而没有做成或没有发生。如:  

I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didn’t come.  

We were to have been married last year.  

2. 表示 “义务应该” (意思接近于should must ought to have to) 如:  

No one is to leave the building. 谁也不得离开这楼房。  

You are not to smoke in this room.=You are not supposed to smoke in this room.  

You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你必须十点以前回来。  

4. 表示 “命运”, 将来必然要发生的事译作 “注定……”。如:  

He came to power, but he was to play dearly for it: soon he was assassinated.  

They said goodbye, little knowing they were never to meet again.  

 

Exercises:  

1.This film _____ this Sunday.  

A. is going to show B. is showing C. is to be shown D. will have been show  

2.The students were told that they ____ at the school gate at 2:00 the following afternoon.  

A. met B. will meet C. were to meet D. were met  

3. The house ______ ready today but as there has been a builders’ strike it is still only half finished.  

A. is B. was to be C. was D. was to have been  

4.In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _________.  

A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive  

5.How _______ I ______ what has become of him?  

A. am; to know B. am; knowing C. was; to know D. will; know  

6. ______ he ________ tomorrow, I would go to meet him at the station.  

A. Were; to come B. Was; coming C. Did; come D. Would; come

 

to begin with

就是说,首先,怎么怎么样

both,either,neither

both,either,neither这三个词都可以作代词及形容词,在考试中频频亮相,许多同学都容易将他们混淆,现将它们的用法归纳如下,让大家看个明白,轻轻松松掌握它们的词义、词性及用法。

简表说明:  

补充说明:

  both意思是"两者都"either意思是"两者中的任何一个"neither意思是"两者都不",三个词在句中都可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。

  ①作主语时,可单独使用,也可以与of连用,其中both接谓语动词要求用复数形式;eitherneither接谓语动词一般用单数形式,但这两者在口语中作主语时,其后的谓语动词也可以用复数。例如:

  Both are right.= Both of the answers are right.这两个答案都对。

  Either(of them)is OK. (他们两个中)任何一个都行。

  ②作宾语,可单独使用,也可以与of连用,放在动词或介词之后。例如:

  I don't know which book is the betterI shall read both.我不知道这两本书哪一本好,所以我两本都读。

  I like neither.(两个)我一个也不喜欢。

  ③作定语,both后面接复数名词,eitherneither后面接单数名词。例如:

  Both answers are right.两个答案都对。

  On either side of the river there are a lot of trees.河的两边都有许多树。

  Neither boy is going there.两个男孩儿都不打算去那里。

  ④both作主语的同位语,一般放在实义动词前,系动词be、情态动词、助动词后;作宾语的同位语,直接放在其后(eitherneither做同位语的情况较少)。例如:

  You must both come over this evening.你们俩今晚必须都过来一趟。(作主语you的同位语)

  We are both from Chongqing.我们两个都来自重庆。(作主语we的同位语)

  He helped us both.他帮助了我们两个人。(作宾语us的同位语)

  相关链接:both... and...可以翻译成"…………两个都""…………""既要……又要……"either... or...意思是"或者……或者……"neither... nor...意思是"既不……也不……",这三者都是连词,可以连接名词、代词、形容词、动词和介词短语等。both... and...连接名词、代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;neither... nor...连接名词、代词作主语时,谓语动词须与nor之后的名词保持一致;either... or...连接名词、代词作主语时,谓语动词要与最临近的主语保持一致。例如:

  Both she and I are going to do the cleaning.我和她两个都要做清洁工作。

  Mike is both tall and handsome.迈克长得又高又帅。

  In the program tonight Mary will both sing and dance.在今天晚上的节目中,玛丽既要唱歌又要跳舞。

  You may either stay or go.你可以走,也可以留下。

  Either you or I am wrong.不是你错,就是我错。

  He neither drinks nor smokes.他既不吸烟也不喝酒。

  Neither he nor I am well-educated.他和我都没有受过良好的教育。

  Exercises:

  根据所给汉语提示,完成下列句子:

  1.我既对英语感兴趣又对汉语感兴趣。

  I'm interested in _______ English ________ Chinese.

  2.汤姆和玛丽都不知道该怎样做这个工作。

  ________ Tom ________ Mary knows how to do the work.

  3.这两条路你随便走哪一条都可以。

  You may take ________ of the roads.

  4.或者你去,或者我去。

  ________ you________ I am going there.

  5.这两本书对我来讲都没有用处。

  ________ of the books is useful to me.

  both, either, neither用法各不同参考答案:

1.       both, and 2. Neither, nor 3. either 4. Either, or 5. Neither  

but to do还是but do

but前有do,to,do,to.

He has nothing to do but sleep.

He has no choice but to sleep.

I did nothing but watch TV.

We have no choice but to work hard.

but本来应该接不定式,但是如果前面有行为动词dodid等,则省略to.

win beat defeat 的区别及搭配

一、语义区别

win 赢得赛事、战争、某物,宾语是gameprize 等,不能接人。后接人时,意为争取赢得某人的好感或支持,说服了win an election / a game / a war / an argument/ five gold medals.

beat :在比赛中战胜、击败对手,可与defeat互换。beat还有连续打击、心跳、敲鼓等意思。

beat a drum 敲鼓 beat at the door 砸门

defeat:在比赛中战胜、击败对手。在战争中战胜、击败敌人。a narrow / heavy defeat 惜、惨败。admit defeat 认输 face defeat 面临失败。

I Fill in the blanks with "win, beat and defeat ", paying attetion to the verb forms.

1. The army _______ the enemy in the end.

2. Tom suffered the _______ in the English examination.

3. The athlete ________ his competitors and _______ the gold medal.

4. Last week our school _____ their school at football.

5. She was ______ dust out of the carpet when I saw her.

6. After his third election _______ he decided to retired from politics.

7. Who do you think will ________ the next election?

8. She`s alive----- her heart is still _______ .

Keys: 1defeated 2 defeat 3 defeated/ beat ; won 4 defeated/ beat 5 beating 6 defeat 7 win 8 beating

二、介词搭配

beat / defeat sb at +比赛项目by + 比分差距 / 具体比分。具体比分表示为:6 to 4 in+赛事、轮次等。beat sb to death 把某人打死。

win at cards   win sth back 重新赢回 win sth from sb 从某人手中赢得 win sb over把某人争取过来。

II Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

1.The Coservatives won the seat _______ Labour ______ the last election.

2. Jim beat Tom ______ a yard and won the race.

3. He won 10s _______ me at cards.

4. He won the first place _________ the competition.

5. She won the match _______ four pionts.

6. He beat/ defeated me ________ chess/ golf / baseball.

7. He defeated the champion ________ three sets.

8. The motion was defeated ________ 19 votes.

9. The world champion has only had two defeats ________ 20 fights.

10. The poor peasant was beaten ______ death when he was found running away from the farm.

11. France won by six goals to two ________ Denmark. He won $ 3000 in the lottery(彩票).

Keys:1from: in 2.by 3 from 4 in 5 by 6 at 7 in 8 by 9 in 10 to 11 against

 

 

die of,from

表示死的原因,die 后既可接介词 of,也可接 from, 两者的区别是:

一、若死因存在于人体之上或之内(主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用介词 of。如:die of illness (heart trouble, cancer, a fever, etc) 死于疾病 (心脏病,癌症,发烧等)

二、若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),一般用介词 from 如: die from an earthquake (a traffic accident, a lightning, a stroke, etc) 死于地震(交通事故,雷击等)

三、若死因是环境影响到体内,即两方面共有的原因,则可用 of, from 均可。如:die of [from] a drink ( a wound, overwork, starvation, hunger and cold, etc) 死于饮酒(受伤,劳累过度,饥饿,饥寒等)

但是在实际运用中,两者混用的情况较多。

both, either, neither, all, any,none-代词

这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在 be动词之后,行为动词之前或第一个助动词之后。

1 both(两者都),either(两者中任何一个),neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。例如:

Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。

2 botheither

both与复数连用,either与单数连用。例如:

Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。

Either of the two boys is clever.

There are flowers on both sides of the street.路边长满了野花。

There are flowers on either side of the street.

3 all(所有的,全部的人或物),any(任何一个), none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。例如:

All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。

I don't like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。

I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。

注意: allnone用法一样。跟单数名词,用单数动词;跟复数名词,用复数动词。例如:

All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。

Allof the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。

 

 

 

except, except for/that, besides,but

  请先看几道高考题:

  1. No one knew Mr Beson's address ________ his daughter.

  A. except B. excepts C. only D. besides

  2. Do you know any other foreign language ________ English?

  A. except B. but C. beside D. besides

  3. I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing.

  A. except B. except for

  C. except that D. besides

  4. Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that he was wrong.

  A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit

  析:Key:1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A。由此,我们可以看出except, except for/that, besidesbut 的用法,成了历届高考考查的热点之一。

  except, except for/that, besidesbut都有"……之外"的意思,但用法各异,现就它们的用法进行分析比较:

1.except的用法--"排除式"

  except意为"只有……除外;除去……",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all, everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是"同类项"。例如:

  1. All of them went out for a walk ________ John.

  A. besides B. except C. beside D. excepts

  2. Everyone is here ________ Xiao Wang and me.

  A. except B. besides C. beside D. excepts

  析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是"同类项",12题中有信息词AllEveryone2.except for/that的用法--"排除否定式"

  except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。

  (1)except for..."除了因为……;要不是……;除去……一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。例如:

  1. It was dark in the city ________ a few weak lights.

  A. except for B. except C. besides D. but for

  2. Your composition is very good ________ a few spelling mistakes.

  A. except that B. except for  C. besides D. beside

  析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的"不是同类项",故选except for

  (2)except that... 也是"除去……一点外"的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如:

  1. The suit fitted him well ________ the colour was a little brighter.

  A. except for B. except that  C. except when D. besides

  析:Key:B。本题题意为"除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他",从句the colour was a little brighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that

  2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake?

     -Sorry,I know nothing about it ________ I read in the newspaper.

     A. except B. except for  C. except what D. except that

  析:Key:C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what

  3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus ________ it rains.

  A. besides B. except when C. except what D. beside

  析:Key:B。由于it rains为从句,故排除AD,rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除Cexcept when 意为"除了当……的时候"

  (3)except forexcept that有时可互相转换。例如:

  1. Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.

  =Your composition is very good except that there are a few spelling mistakes.

  2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in the woods.

=The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singing in the woods.

3.besides的用法--"包括式"

  besides相当于as well as,意为"除了……以外还有……","除去一部分还有另外一部分"的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如:

   Does John know any other foreign language ________ French.

  A. except B. but  C. besides D. beside

:Key:C。由本题中的信息词"any other foreign language",可知选besides

but的用法--"排除式"

  but"除了……以外"的意思,相当于except

  (1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。例如:

  They all went to the park ________ Mike and me.

  A. besides B. except for C. but D. beside

  析:Key: C。因为all是信息词,theyMike and me"同类项",根据句意应选C

  (2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing; b.疑问词who, what; c.不定代词all, everyone等。例如:

  ① Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处。

  ② Who but Tom would do such a thing?除了汤姆以外还有谁愿意干这种事?

  (3)but后可接动词不定式。注意:but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带"to"的动词不定式,反之加"to"。例如:

  1. David could do nothing but ________ his teacher yesterday afternoon.

  A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help

  析:key:Ado nothing but...后应接动词原形,意为"除做……外什么也不做"

  2. The enemy had no choice but ________ their arms and ________ .

A. lie down;give in   B. lay down;give in

 C. to lay down;give in  D. to lie down;to give in

  析:Key:Chave no choice but后应接带to 的动词不定式,and后的成分与动词不定式之间存在并列关系,故选C

  注意:but for"要不是;没有……"的意思,常用于虚拟语气。例如:

But for your help, I would have failed. 要是没有你的帮助, 我早就失败了。

each other与one another

这是两个在词义和用法上极为接近的短语。有些语法家认为:each other只能用于两者之间;one another只能用于两者以上。但是,在现代英语的实际使用中,人们会发现:each other也可用于两者以上one another也可用于两者之间

I think music is one way people can get to know each other better.

The husband and wife sat down at the table facing one another.

each otherone another可交互使用。但one another侧重两以上的互相;而each other则侧重两人之间的互相较为常见。

every , no, all, both,neither, nor

1)不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more,little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no以及some, something,anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。

2)不定代词的功能与用法

a.everyno外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词。everyno在句中只能作定语。例如:

I have no idea about it.我不知该咋办。

b. all都,指三者以上。all的主谓一致:all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。例如:

All goes well.一切进展得很好。

all通常不与可数名词单数连用,如:不说 all the book,而说 the whole book

all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all dayall nightall the year;但习惯上不说 all hourall

century

all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all Chinaall the cityall my lifeall the way

3both都,指两者。

a. both与复数动词连用,但 both… and…可与单数名词连用。

b. both, all都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省

去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前。例如:

Who can speak Japanese?谁能讲日本话?

We bothallcan.我们都不会。

4neither两者都不

a.neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

b.作定语与单数名词连用,但neither…nor用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。

c.可用于下列句型,避免重复。例如:

She can't singneithercanhe.她不会唱歌,他也不会。

5neithernor的比较

a.如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用 nor。例如:

If you don't do itneither should I.如果你不干,我也不干。

b.如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither。例如:

He can't singnor dancenor skate.他不会唱歌,不会跳舞,也不会滑冰。

find的用法小结

一、   find意为"发现、发觉"

find sth./sb. doing/adj/adverb/n./介词短语/to be)

作此意解时,其后接宾语+宾补(doing/adj/adverb/n./介词短语/to be)。作宾补的动词用现在分词还是过去分词取决于动词同宾语之间的关系。

A group of children were found playing on the playground. 有人发现一群孩子正在操场上玩耍。

We have found him (to be) a dishonest person. 我们发现他是一个不诚实的孩子。

I find it necessary to get a map while traveling. 我感到旅行的时候有必要搞到一张地图。

二、find意为"找到、寻找"

应当注意,find"找到,寻找"解时,侧重寻找的结果;look for则侧重寻找的过程。

I lost my cellphone this morning. I've been looking for it ever since, but I haven't found it.今天上午我把手机丢了。从那时起我就一直在找,可是到现在还没找到。

三、find后接从句

find后可接that-clause,表示"发现一个事实、道理"

He found that some of the natives knew his language. 他发现有几个本地人懂他的语言。

四、find,discover invent的区别

finddiscover均可用于指偶然发现或通过研究的发现。find是较非正式用词,表示找到或发现的意思。discover指通过有意识地寻找或查询,发现某种已经存在的现象或事物。invent则表示发明以前不存在的东西。

Please find my hat for me. 请把我的帽子找来给我。

It was Columbus who discovered America in 1492.就是哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。

Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亚历山大?贝尔在1876年发明了电话。

五、find构成的常用短语

find oneself(发现自己真实的能力、性格等);find fault with(抱怨;挑剔);find one's way to(设法到达)等。

The manager is always finding fault with my work. 经理总是对我的工作吹毛求疵。

I hope you can find your way home. 我希望你能找到回家的路。

 

find的用法归纳

 1. 用作及物动词,主要用于下列句型:

(1)     后接名词或代词。如:Where did you find it? 你是在什么地方找到它的?

You’d better try and find another job. 你最好设法另找一份工作。

You’ll find the answers at the back of the book. 在书后你可找到答案。

(2)     后接复合结构 (名词的复合结构、形容词的复合结构、现在分词的复合结构、过去分词的复合结构、不定式的复合结构等等) 。如:

We  find the story (to be) very interesting. 我们发现这个故事很有趣。

I found the boy hiding behind the door. 我发现这个小男孩躲在门后。

He found the city much changed. 他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。

I didn’t find her an easy woman to work with. 我发现她不好共事。

注意:后接不定式的复合结构时,主要是 to be, 偶尔可见 to do型。另外有时也接带先行词 it 的复合结构。如:

 He found it hard to finish the work in time. 他发现要及时完成这项工作很困难。

(3)     后接that-后接从句。如:

Now he found that he could relax a little. 现在他发现可以放松一下了。

Newton found that all masses attract each other. 牛顿发现所有物质都互相吸引。

He found that she was a cheat. =He found her to be a cheat. 他发现她是个骗子。

(4)     可以带双宾语,双宾语交换位置时用介词for。如:

Please find me my key. =Please find my key for me. 请给我找到我的钥匙。

试比较。如:

We found him a good teacher. 我们发现他是位好老师 (我们发现他是位好老师复合宾语,=We found that he was a good teacher)

We found him a good job. 我们为他找了份好工作 (双宾语,=We found a goodjob for him)

2. 用于find oneself, 表示发现自己 (处于某种状态)”不知不觉或突然…”。如:

Suddenly I found myself  face to face with the man. 突然我发现自己面对面跟这个人站在一起。突然我发现自己面对面He returned to England to find himself famous. 他回到英国,发现自己竟出了名。

3. 注意区别 find find out:前者指偶然地发现、或通过实验而发现、或通过寻找而找到 (参见以上各例);而后者则指通过调查或观察询问等而查明情况或事实真相。如:

” We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须查明事实真相。

We must find out where he lives. 我们必须查明他住在什么地方。

有时find out中的out可以省略。如:

Please find (out) what time they are coming. 请了解一下他们什么时候来。

4. 是终止性动词,一般不与一段时间连用。如:

正:I found it a long time ago. 这个东西我找到很久了。

误:I (have) found it

来源:高考英语网

forbid sb to do sth / forbid doing sth

game和competition

game [名词游戏;运动;游戏(或运动)器具[可数名词]

Football is a game which interests me a lot. 足球是我感兴趣的运动。

Let's have a game of cards. 我们玩牌吧。

比赛得分情况[不可数名词]

The game is 5 to 3. 比分是五比三。

(比赛等的)一局,一场[可数名词]

He won two games out of three. 他在三局比赛中胜了两局。

竞赛;运动会[P][G]

The First East Asian Games were held in Shanghai in 1993. 第一届东亚运动会于一九九三年在上海举行。

Competition  竞争,角逐[不可数名词][(+with/between/for)]

Competition among youths to enter the best colleges is intense. 年轻人想进一流大学的竞争是很激烈的。

(总称)竞争者;比赛对手[不可数名词]

He's no competition for Henry. 他不是亨利的对手。

比赛,竞赛;赛会[可数名词][+to-v]

I entered a chess competition and finished third. 我参加了象棋比赛名列第三。

Hope to do/that/for; wish to do/that/for, wish sb. to do

(该文章转载自无忧考网:http://www.51test.net

两词都表示"希望",但在用法上有相同和不同之处,不能随意互换。  

一、相同之处

1.都可接不定式作宾语。

We wish to see the film.   

我们都希望看那部电影。

The children hope to do something for the old man.  

这些孩子希望为这位老人做些事情。

不能说 hope sb. to do, 只能说 wish sb. to do.

2.都能以某些代词作宾语。

 That's what you have wished.   

那就是你所希望的。

You can't hope much from such people.   

对于这样的人,我们的希望不能过多。

3.都能与介词for连用,后接名词或某些不定代词,表示"希望得到""祈求"

 Do you hope for peace?   

你希望和平吗?

 Do you wish for anything better?   

你希望得到更好的东西吗?

4.都可与过去过完成时连用,表示本来想做而没做成。

 I had hoped to come here, but I couldn't.   

我本来希望来这里,但没能做到。

 He had wished to finish it on time, but he didn't.   

他希望按时完成这件事,但没有。

5.都用于It is / was to be…that的句型中。

 It is to be hoped that she will get full marks in English.

希望她会在英语考试中得到满分。

 It is to be wished that the problem will soon be solved.  

希望这个问题很快会得到解决。

二、不同之处

1. wish作为及物动词,可接名词或代词作宾语,hope则不能。

 Do you wish a pen or a book?   

你要的是钢笔还是书?

2. wish能接双宾语表示祝愿,hope则不能。

I wish you success. 我祝你成功。

3. wish能接复合宾语,hope则不能。

 I wish you to go with me.   

我希望你同我一道去。

4. wishhope都能接that引导的从句,但wish后的从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气(动词用过去时,或过去完成时),hope则用所需要的时态。

 I hope that he will win the game.   

我希望他会赢得这场比赛。

 I wish that I knew the answer.    

我希望我知道这个答案。

 I wish I had bought it yesterday.    

我希望昨天买了它。

5. hope可与sonot连用,分别代替一个具有肯定和否定意义的宾语从句,以免重复,wish则不能。

  -Will it be fine tomorrow?   -I hope so.

  -Will it rain tomorrow?     -I hope not.

三、wish, hope都可作名词,可数或不可数均可,wish表示"愿望""心愿""祝愿"hope表示"希望"

1. My wish is to become a doctor.   

我的愿望是当一名医生。

2. It is said that they have realized their wishes.   

据说他们已实现了他们的愿望。

3. I have no (not much) wish to see him.   

我并不(不大)想见他。

4. Send him my best wishes.   

请代我向他致意。

5. Where there is life there is hope.   

有生命就有希望。

6. There is a hope of success.   

有成功的希望。

7. He has some hope (s) of success.   

他有成功的希望。

have been in,have been to,have gone to

 

这三个短语都有到某地去的意思,但涵义和用法各不相同。

 

Have been in强调过去曾去过之意,表示经验;have been to的意思是过去到过而现在已返回,它强调最近的经历have gone to表示动作的完成,强调人已离开说话的地方。

 

通过下列句子的对比,可以分清它们各自不同的涵义:

 

They have been in Chicago.(1

 

They have been to Chicago.(2

 

They have gone to Chicago.(3

 

1)句的意思是他们曾去过芝加哥,此语强调过去的经历,但没有说明现在是否已回来。言外之意,他们到过芝加哥,他们知道芝加哥在何处,该城市有多大,人口有多少等等。

 

2)句的意思是他们曾到过芝加哥,现在已回来了。此语强调的是往返的经历。

 

3)句的意思是他们已到芝加哥去了,此语的言外之意是也许他们已经到达,也许现在还在途中,它强调的动作已经完成,所以人已不在说话的地点。

 

 

我查了很多词典,并没有查到keep to do 这个用法,你是不是看错啦?各位是怎么找到这个用法的?根本没见过!

我只知道下面句子的分别:

in case ,in case of/that 1.假使,以防(万一)免得 2.如果,万一,以防 3.假使,以防(引导虚拟语气)

in the case of adv.在...的情况

In the case of learning Chinese, misconceptions persist. [简明英汉词典] 
在华文的学习方面,有些人还是存有错误观念。

 

 

in fun  for fun

in fun for fun都是固定短语。

for fun “因为觉得好玩纯粹是觉得好玩而做什么事情=for the fun of it。其实是为了享受一种乐趣的意思在里头。

in fun则是闹着玩的,含有你听了后不要当真,不要生气的意思在里头,不要觉得被冒犯了。

is anyone here ,is everyone here

is anyone here = 有人在吗;is everyone here = 所有人都在吗

anyone:任何人everyone:所有人

 

perhaps/maybe/may be/probably的区分

 A: maybe, perhaps, possiblyprobably均含有可能之意,但它们所表示的可能性的大小不同。其区别如下:

 1maybe意为或许、大概是副词,为美国英语,主要用于非正式场合,口语中常用。语气比perhaps较轻。如: 

Maybe they will let me go.或许他们会让我走。 

Maybe he will succeed. 他也许会成功。 

注意:may be是情态动词may+be,常用作谓语动词,有可能是的意思,要注意与maybe的区别。如: 

You may be right. 你可能是对的。 

Maybe you are right. 或许你是对的。 

2perhaps意为也许、可能,是副词,含有也许是如此,也许不是如此的意味,一般指小于一半的可能性,较多地含有不大可能之意。如: 

But perhaps they don't know that yet. 但是他们可能还不知道。 

He will perhaps succeed.他也许会成功。(不成功的可能性较大

3. possibly “可能地、或者、也许,可能性较大。用于否定句和疑问句时表示 “无论如何之意。如: 

She expressed regret for any inconvenience which might possibly be caused. 她为任何可能造成的不便而深表歉意。 

I couldn't possibly have finished typing such a long document in such a limited period of time. 无论如何,我也不可能在如此有限的时间内打完这么长的文稿。 

4probably “很可能、大概,可能性在这一组词中最大,表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。如: 

He is the only witness of the accident; he can probably give us some detailed information about it. 他是这次事故唯一的目击者,他大概可以告诉我们一些详细情况。 

There is probably some kind of living matter on some other worlds, but we do not know yet. 很可能在其他的世界存在着另类的生物,只是我们尚不知道。

 

join,join in,take part in

1.join多指加入组织,团体,党派等,有作为其中的一个成员的含义。join后也可接人,表示和某人一起参加某活动。如:

It's two years since he joined the club.他参加这个俱乐部已两年了。

He joined the army in 1945 and joined the Communist Party next year.

他于一九四五年参军,并在第二年入党。

Will you join us? 跟我们一起来,好吗?

2.join in指参加某项游戏,活动,讨论等。如:

They joined me in congratulating you. 他们与我一道向你表示祝贺。

Let's join in and give them a warm welcome. 让我们也一起给他们以热烈的欢迎。

The whole crowd joined in singing the popular song. 整个人群都唱起了这首流行歌曲。

3.take part in多指参加和参与群众性的活动、运动、会议及战争等,含有以主人翁的态度加入其中并发挥一定作用的意思。如:

The Union took an active part in the strike.工会在这次罢工中发挥了积极的作用。

They took a leading part in the efforts to strengthen the national defense. 他们在加强国防力量方面出了很大力。

He took part in the students' movement in the early forties. 在四十年代初,他参加了学生运动。

The Swiss didn't take part in the two World Wars. 瑞典没有参加两次世界大战。

 

keep on doing sth , keep  doing sth

keep on doing sth 一直反复做某事

keep  doing sth   一直持续做某事

如下面句子的比较:

She keep running             她一直在跑(没停过)

She keep on raising her hand 她反复举手(不是一直举着手)

In shape,  keep/be in shape,keep fit

In shape,

处于良好的健康状况Plenty of exercise will help you keep in shape.充分的运动会帮助你保持健康; 身材健美

keep/be in shape保持健康体形

keep fit 保持身体健康

 

keep to:保持坚持遵守

保持,(使)遵守〔坚持〕; 保密; 不交际; (使)谈话不离题; 的数量限制在如:

Keep to the track!

不要偏离车道!

knock on与knock at的区别:没什么大区别

make sb adj.   make sb do

如果说make me cry    make me cried  都行吗?

make sb adjmake sb do的用法都是正确的,到底用哪一个要根据不同的语意来决定。

They made her wait for two hours.(他们让她等了两个小时)

The decision made her unpopular with the staff.(这个决定使她在员工中很不受欢迎)

make sb adj中的形容词,是纯形容词就是说并非由动词的过去分词变化成的形容词,例如beautifulillhappy...

make sb donedone就是动词的过去分词形式,表示一种被动的含义

例如  He shouted to make him heard across the room.(他大声喊,使整个房间都能听到他的声音)

你所提到的make me cry的说法是可以的,而make me cried从用法上来说应该符合make sb done 的结构,但是意义不通,还是不成立的

More than的用法

A. “More than+名词表示不仅仅是

1)  Modern science is more than a large amount of information.

2)  Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.

We need more than material wealth to build our country.建设我们国家,不仅仅需要物质财富.

B. “More than+数词以上不止之意,如:

3)   I have known David for more than 20 years.

4)  Let's carry out the test with more than the sample copy.

More than one person has made this suggestion. 不止一人提过这个建议.

C. “More than+形容词等于非常的意思,如:

5)  In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.

6)  I assure you I am more than glad to help you.

D. more than + (that)从句,其基本意义是超过(=over,但可译成简直不”“远非”.  难以,完全不能(其后通常连用情态动词 can

--That is more than I can understand . 那非我所能懂的.

--That is more than I can tell. 那事我实在不明白。

--The heat there was more than he could stand. 那儿的炎热程度是他所不能忍受的

此外,“more than”也在一些惯用语中出现,如:

--More often than not (经常),people tend to pay attention to what they can take rather than what they can give.

---All of us are more than a little concerned about(非常关心)the current economic problems

 

more...than 的用法

  1. ……多,比……

  He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。

  He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。

  2. 与其……不如

  He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明,不如说他幸运。

  He is more a scholar than a teacher. 与其说他是位教师,不如说他是位学者。

注:该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较,其中的比较级必须用加 more 的形式,不能用加词尾-er 的形式。

 

no more than not more than

1. no more than 的意思是仅仅”“只有”“最多不超过,强调少。如:

 --This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只要30分钟。

 --The pub was no more than half full. 该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。

- For thirty yearshe had done no more than he had needed to. 30年来,他只干了他需要干的工作。

 

2. not more than more than (多于)的否定式,其意为不多于”“不超过。如:

Not more than 10 guests came to her birthday party. 来参加她的生日宴会的客人不超过十人。

  比较:

  She has no more than three hats. 她只有3顶帽子。(太少了)

  She has not more than three hats. 她至多有3顶帽子。(也许不到3顶帽子)

  I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱最多不过5元。(言其少)

I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5元。(也许不到5元)

 

no more...than not more...than

1. no more...than 表示对两者都否定,意为……一样不(=neither...nor...)。如:

---He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是画家,也不是作家。(=He is neither a painter nor a writer.

--He’s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am able to read Spanish.

---I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。(=I know neither Spanish nor Greek.

 

2. not more...than 指两者都具有某种特征,但是程度不同,意为不如”“不及(= not so... as)。如:(less…than…)

--She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明。(=She is not so clever as he is.

--This book is not more difficult than that one. 这本书不及那本书难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.

 

no more...than no less...than

 1. no more...than 意为……一样不,用于否定两者。如:

  She’s no more a great singer than I am. 她不是优秀歌手,我也不是。

  A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 马不是鱼,鲸也不是鱼。

  He is no more an artist than you are a mathematician. 就像你不是数学家一样,他也不是艺术家。

 

 2. no less...than 意为……一样,用于肯定两者。如:

  Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。

  A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。

  Italian is no less a mother tongue for him than English. 如同英语一样,意大利语也是他的母语。

 

nothing more than /nothing less than

1)  nothing less than 完全是,和...一模一样

---It is nothing less than stealing to take a thing away without the permission of its owner.

--They expect nothing less than a revolution. 他们盼望的正是革命。

 

2) there's nothing I like less than..。这种情况是否定意思

--There's nothing I like less than lying. 我最不喜欢的莫过于说谎了。
--There's nothing I like less than working overtime. 我最讨厌加班。

 

less than 的用法

  1. (指数量)不到,不足

  It’s less than half an hour’s drive from here. 开车到那里不到半个钟头。

  In less than an hour he finished the work. 没要上一个小时,他就完成了工作。

  2. ……(小)少

  She eats less than she should. 她吃得比她应该吃的少。

  Half the group felt they spent less than average. 半数人觉得他们的花费低于平均水平。

  3. 不太,一点也不

  The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子们并不很高兴。

  We were less than delighted to have company that day. 那天有客人我们并不太高兴。

He was less than helpful when we arrived. 我们到达时他一点也不帮忙。

 

less...than 的用法

  1. 不像(如)

  He is less honest than his brother. 他不如他哥哥诚实。

  2. ……少,不如……

  We drink less coffee than tea. 我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多。

  I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少。

  3. 与其……不如……

  I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend. 与其说我把他当作老师,不如说我是把他当作朋友。

  注:表示此义时可与 more...than 结构替换(但要注意词序的变化)。如:

He is less a teacher than an expert.He is more an expert than a teacher. 与其说他是老师,不如说他是专家。

 

no less than not less than

  1. no less than 的意思是多达”“……之多,强调多,与 no more than 意思相反。如:

  He made no less than 500. 他赚了多达500英镑的钱。

  He paid no less than $10000 for it. 他为此付了一万多美元。

  No less than 50 people offered to buy it. 至少有50个人提出要买它。

  No less than 50 passengers got killed in the train accident yesterday. 死于昨天火车车祸的旅客有50人之多。

  My father no less than I is a baseball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我,也是个棒球迷。

  2. not less than less than(少于)的否定式,其意为不少于”“不下于”“至少。如:

  He has not less than 10000 dollars. 他至少有一万元。

  Not less than 500 people attended the meeting. 参加会议的至少500人。

  比较:

  He has no less than seven daughters. 他有7个女儿之多。

He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有7个女儿。

 

 no more...than no less...than

  1. no more...than 意为……一样不,用于否定两者。如:

  She’s no more a great singer than I am. 她不是优秀歌手,我也不是。

  A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 马不是鱼,鲸也不是鱼。

  He is no more an artist than you are a mathematician. 就像你不是数学家一样,他也不是艺术家。

  2. no less...than 意为……一样,用于肯定两者。如:

  Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。

  A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。

  Italian is no less a mother tongue for him than English. 如同英语一样,意大利语也是他的母语。

 

 

陷阱题分析

 

     1. How beautifully she singsI have never heardvoice.

  A. a better B. a best

  C. the better D. the best

  【陷阱】容易误选 D,认为最高级前要用定冠词。

  【分析】其实此题最佳答案为 A。该句可视为 I have never heard a better voice than her voice 之省略,全句句意为她唱得多好啊!我从未听过她这么好的声音。请再看以下类似的实例:

  He is fine never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。

  This bird is really lovely. I’ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱,我从未见过这样好看的鸟。

  比较以下试题,情形也大致相同:

  (1“I’ve never found a better job.”“.”

  A. I don’t think so B. Too bad

  C. Congratulations D. Don’t worry

  答案选 CI’ve never found a better job 可视为 I’ve never found a better job than this job 之省略,句意为我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作,即这是我所找到的最好的工作

  (2“What do you think of the service here”“Oh . We couldn’t have found a better place.”

  A. too bad B. sorryC. wonderful D. impossible

  答案选 CWe couldn’t have found a better place 可视为 We couldn’t have found a better place than this place,其意为我们不可能找到一个比这儿更好的地方,即这是我们所能找到的最好的地方

  (3 Boris has brains. In fact I doubt whether anyone in the class hasIQ.

  A. a highB. a higher C. the higher D. the highest

  答案选 B。句意为“……我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高,即我认为他可能是班上智商最高的

  (4 How cold it is We’ve never hadthis winter.

  A. the colder day B. a cold day

  C. the coldest dayD. a colder day

  答案选 D。句意为今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子

  2. Professor White has written some short stories but he isknown for his plays.

  A. the best B. moreC. better D. the most

  【陷阱】容易误选 D

  【分析】此题首先不宜选 B D,因为 well known 的比较级和最高级通常是 better known best known,有时也可以是 more well known most well known 但通常不能是 more known most known。至于是选 A 还是 C 这就要看语境。由于句中涉及的只有 stories plays 两个对象,故应选比较级。

  3. You arecareful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.

  A. not more B. no more

  C. not lessD. no less

  【陷阱】容易误选 A

  【分析】要做对此题,首先要正确理解以下结构的含义:

  not more...than=不如……

  no more...than=和……一样不(否定两者)

  not less...than=不如……不(即指不如 less 后形容词的反面)

  no less...than=和……一样(肯定两者)

  比较以下各句的意思:

  You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。

  You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。

  You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。

  You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。

  You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。

  You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。

  通过以上分析,再结合句子语境,可知此题最佳答案为 B

  4.“Oh how fat he is”“But I think he isthan fat.”

  A. shortB. shorter C. more shortD. shortest

  【陷阱】容易误选 B。认为 short 为单音节形容词,故用-er 构成比较级。

  【分析】其实正确答案应是 C。要弄清此问题,得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起。

  (1 异类同质比较。即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如:

  My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。

  Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。

  (2 同类异质比较。即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较,这类句子常译为(更多的)是……,而不是” “与其……不如……”等。如:

  He was more lucky than clever. 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。

  She was more surprised than angry. 她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。

  This is more a war movie than a western. 这更应当说是一部战争片,而不是西部片。

  按英语习惯,在进行同类异质比较时,只能用 more 构成比较级,不能用-er 形式,即使是单音节词也是如此。

  十一 模拟训练

1. I don’t like it at all. It can’t be ______.

  A. betterB. worse C. best D. worst

  2. I’m ______ at sums than Jean but better at history.

  A. moreB. lessC. worseD. cleverer

  3. We couldn’t have picked ______ day for the picnicit rained nonstop.

  A. a worse B. a worstC. the worseD. the worst

  4. I know this is not quite the right word but I can’t be bothered to think of ______.

  A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the good

  5. With the development of the Internet______ communication is done by regular mail.

  A. lessB. moreC. littleD. few

  6. —If you don’t like the red coat take the blue one.

  —OK but do you have ______ size in blueThis one’s a bit tight for me.

  A. a bigB. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger

  7. If there were no examinations we should have ______ at school.

  A. the happiest time B. a more happier time

  C. much happiest timeD. a much happier time

  8. —Are you satisfied with what he did

  —No it couldn’t have been ______.

  A. worseB. betterC. so bad D. the worse

  9. I think whoever makes ______ contributions to the company than others should get ______ income.

  A. greater the higherB. more greater a higher

  C. greater the highest D. more greater the higher

  10. The Chinese Education Department suggests teachers should receive ______ education to catch up with thedevelopment.

  A. fartherlateB. fartherlater C. furtherlately D. furtherlatest

  11. He knows little of mathematics______ of chemistry.

  A. as well asB. no less thanC. still lessD. no more than

  12.the temperature______ water turns into steam.

  A. The high the fastB. Higher faster

  C. The more higher the fasterD. The higher the faster

  13. The computers in the other shop will be ______ but ______ as those in this shop.

  A. cheaper not as betterB. more cheaper not as better

  C. cheaper not as goodD. more cheap not as good

  14. —I didn’t do well in this English examination. How about you

   —I did ______ you.

  A. not better than B. no worse than

  C. as well asD. no better than

  15. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ______ she was getting.

  A. heavier B. heavy

  C. the heavier D. the heaviest

  16. —The weather is not good enough for an outing is it

   —Not in the least. We have not have ______ at this time of the year.

  A. a worse dayB. a nicer day

  C. such a bad day D. so fine a day

  17. —Does Jim do his new job well

   —______ his old job. How stupidI fear there’s no hope for him.

  A. No better thanB. Not better than

  C. No so well as D. No as well as

  18. This bird is really lovely and I’ve never seen ______ one.

  A. a finer B. a finestC. the finer D. the finest

  19. —If you go to the post officewould you please get me a stamp

   —I am ______ willing to.

  A. no more than B. not more than C. more thanD. no less than

  20. —Ministerare you satisfied with the performance of the Chinese athletes in Athens Olympics

   —Yes it couldn’t have been ______.

  A. worse B. betterC. so badD. the worse

  【答案与解析】

  1. Bit can’t be worse 在此相当于 It’s the worst thing I ever knew

  2. C。句意为我的算术比琼差,但我的历史比她强。注意句中的转折连词 but 及其后的 better

  3. AWe couldn’t have picked a worst day It is the worst day we’ve picked 同义。

  4. Aa better a better one 之省略。注意,a better one (一个更好的)是与前文我知道这不是一个很适合的词相呼应的。

  5. A。若选 B C 均不合事实;若选 D,不合语法,因为 few 后要接可数名词的复数形式。

  6. B。从句意看,空格处应填比较级 bigger,因此排除A C。选项 B D 的区别是,一个用了不定冠词,一个用了定冠词,两者的区别是,不定冠词表泛指,定冠词表特指。

  7. D。由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较,所以应用比较级,不用最高级,由此排除 A C。选项 B 的错误在于用了 more happier 这样的双重比较级(即 more 后不能再加比较级)。

  8. A。由关键词 No 可知,此处的意思是不可能比这更差的(worse)了

  9. Cmore 不可修饰比较级,排除 B Dgreater...than others 表示的是最高级意义,故后面用最高级。

  10. D。只有表示实际距离的远,才可用 farther(此时也可用 further),否则就用 furtherfurther education 进修; late 迟的;later 后来;latelyrecently 近来;latest 最新的。

  11. Cstillevenmuch less 更不用说,更何况。

  12. D“the+比较级,the+比较级意为……就越……”

  13. C。两者比较用比较级,表示……”;同级比较用 as...as not asso...as。句意为那家商店的电脑将比这家商店的便宜,但不如这家商店的好。

  14. Dno better than as badly as,意为一样不好

  15. A。此题考查比较级的用法。Mary 是想知道她比以往称起来重了多少,故用比较级。“how much+比较级意为比以前(重、高、远……)多少

  16. A。本题关键是对not in the least 的理解,它的意思是一点也不好,故可知道天气很糟糕。not 与比较级连用,事实上相当于一个最高级的用法。后句的意思是:一年之中再也碰不到比这更糟糕的天气了。

  17. A。根据 How stupidI fear there’s no hope for him 可知说话人对 Jim 新工作表现的评价是负面的,故选 Ano better than 表示……一样的不好,与……一样的差之意。句意是:他做新工作与以前工作一样差。他太笨了,我担心他没什么希望了。

  18. AI’ve never seen a finer one 的实际意思是 This is the finest one I’ve ever seen

  19. C。因为 more than 与形容词连用,意为非常

  20. B。从 Yes 可知,说话者对中国运动员的表现是持肯定态度的。couldn’t...better 指好得不能再好,就是最好的意思。注意:这种 can 的否定式与比较级连用在听力里面也时常出现。

 

 

 

 

 

 

prefer sth to sth; prefer doing to doing; prefer to do rather than do; prefer sth rather than sth;

1. prefer sth to sth

I prefer football to basketball(与篮球相比,我更喜欢足球)

2. prefer doing to doing

I prefer playing football to playing basketball.(与打篮球相比,我更喜欢踢足球)

3. prefer to do rather than do

=would rather do than do = would do rather than do(宁愿做……而不愿做……

I prefer to play football rather than play basketball.(我宁愿踢足球也不愿打篮球)

I think I should prefer fish rather than meat.

point at,point to,point out

point atpoint topoint out的意思都与有关,但还是有一定区别。

point at

习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物,意为指着at是介词,着重于指的对象。

Don’t point at the words while you are reading. 读书时不要用手指着字。

The teacher pointed at the blackboard and said“You must look carefully.”

老师指着黑板说:你必须看仔细。

point to

多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物,意为指向to也是介词,着重于指的方向。

He pointed to the house on the other side of the river and said“That’s my home.”  

他指着河对岸的房子说:那是我家。

As he started the operationthe hour hand of the clock pointed to 9.

他开始手术时,时针指着九点。

point out

表示的是给某人指示方向,要点或错误等,意为指出out是副词。

he teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework.

老师指出我作业里的许多错误。

Will you please point out the man who saved the boy’s life?

请你指出那个救男孩性命的人好吗?

1. 一般情况下point atpoint to可互换,但事物名词作主语时,用point to要常见些。

   The building points to the east. 这所大楼朝东。

2. point at可分开使用,point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语,at表示方向,而point to却没有这种用法,但它还表示显示、说明的意思。

They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid.。他们把枪指着她的头,但她并不害怕。

 All the facts point to the same conclusion. 所有事实都说明同样的结论。

自我测试

根据句意,用point atpoint topoint out的适当形式填空。

   1.The teacher is  _______  the map on the wall.

   2.The needle of a compass ________  the north.

   3.He  ______ the door.

   4.Both the hour hand and the minute hand  _________ to twelve. It was noon.

   5.Can you  _______  the man you suspect?

   案:1.pointing at /to 2.points to 3.pointed at/to 4.pointed to 5.point out

Say,Speak,talk,call,tell

say:之后要有说的内容,如He said nothing.

Speak:后一般加语言名称,如He can speak Chinese.

talk:交谈,如:He often talks with me during lunchtime.此时talk也可改为chat(闲谈)

call:一般用于打电话中,如:He will call me later.

tell:告诉,如:He is talling me an interesting story.

另附上字典中的解释

Say

1.说,讲;表达;表明,宣示;声明,主张,断定。  all you know and say it without reserve. 知无不言,言无不尽。 S- no more. 别再说了。 Never say die! 不可气馁! Do you mean what you say? 你是说真的吗? 你说的是当真的吗? I mean what I say. 我说了是算数的。 S- what you mean. 把你的意思说明白。 Do you say so 那是真的吗? You don't say (so)! 未必吧!不至于吧!真的! You may well say so. 你那样说可能(固然)对;你不妨那么说。 Who shall I say, sir (传达者问来客)你是哪一位? 请问尊姓? I'll say so. 〔美俚〕你说得很对;我也同意。 He said “Yes”. “Yes,” said he. 他说

2.背诵,背,念,诵读。 to be said or sung 供诵读或歌唱。 say one's lessons 背功课,背书。

3.〔祈使句〕假定(),比如说,就说,姑且说,大约 (let us say ) a few of them, say a dozen 其中几个人,假定[比如说]一打左右吧。 a couple of hours, say from four to six 两个钟头的时间,比方说从四点到六点。

4.〔美口〕= I say 〔见下〕。

5.〔俚语〕反驳。

as much as to say 等于说;好像是说一样地;像要说似地。 as to say 〔插入语〕也就是说。 Easier said than done. 〔谚语〕说着容易做时难。 have nothing to say for oneself 〔口语〕总是不开口;没话可说,一言不发。 have something to say for oneself 有要辩白的话。 have something [nothing] to say to [with] 要〔不〕对[]…争辩,有话要说[没话可说],有[没有]关系。 hear say 听说,据说。 I cannot say . 我不知道。 I cannot say much for .... 不以为怎样好;对不敢恭维。 I dare say 〔插入语〕大概;许是,我想。 I say=〔美口〕;喂;喂喂;哎呀;我是说〔加强语气〕;哎呀 ( I say, John=〔美国〕say John 喂,约翰。 I say, what a beauty! 哎呀!好漂亮的人[东西])! I should say (that) 大概,许是。 I should say not 我以为不是那样。 (It) goes without saying that 当然不用说 It is said that .... 据说,听说。 (let us) say 比如说;大约。 may well say that …很可以说。 mean what one says 是当真的。 No sooner said than done. 一说就做;说到做到。 not to say ...,虽不能说,即使不说 ( It is warm, not to say hot. 虽说不上热,但也很暖和了) say a good word for 说好话,替说情,替辩护,推奖。 S- away! 完全说出来吧;尽量说吧! say for oneself 分辩,争辩。 S- on. 说下去,继续说吧。 say nay 否认;拒绝。 say one's prayers 祷告。 say one's say [word] 说出自己的想法;把话说完;畅所欲言。 say out 坦白说出,直说。 say over [again] 1. 再说,反复说。 2. 背诵 say something saygrace 饭前后的祷告;即席演说几句。 say something of 批评。 say the word ()命令。 say to do 〔美俚、英卑〕叫,命 (He said (for me) to tell you not to come. 他叫()告诉你不要来。 They said to telephone. 他们叫()打电话) say (sth.) to oneself 暗自思量,心想,心中盘算。 自言自语 talk to oneself. so to say 〔插入语〕 1. 好比,活像是,恰如,正像。 2. 可以这么说。 That is saying a great deal. 这可了不得。 that is (to ) say 〔插入语〕即,换句话说,()就是说;至少。 They say ... 据说,听说。 There is no saying .... 很难说,说不准。 though I say it (who should not) 虽然不应该由我来说;我来说虽然不太好。 to say nothing of 〔插入语〕更不用说,更不待言,更不必说。 to say the least of it 至少〔插入语〕可以(这样)说;退一步说。 What do you say to (a walk)? What say you to (a walk)? (去散散步)你说怎么样[以为怎么样] (散步)好不好? What I say is .... 我的意思是 when all is said (and done) 结果;毕竟。

there is going to be,there is going to have×

there is going to be(将会有)=there will bethere be 句型的将来时结构。

there is going to have则是错误的表达法,在选择题中属于干扰选项,可以马上排除。

虽然我知道我的回答你肯定不满意,不过我还是答了。

 

这两个用法,你一开始就声明都是正确的,而对第二个的正确性,我实际上是怀疑的。

在网上查了一下,都认为there is going to have是错误的,因为there is的意思,而“have”也是的意思,重复了。

 

不过为了确认一下,我又打电话给一个美国朋友,问了他这两种用法,他表示,如果there在这里不是作解释,而且前面还有语境的话,才可能正确,而且具体用法还非常复杂。但是仅仅就there is going to have单独看的话,应该是错误的用法。至少他没有听人用过,自己也没用过。

 

当然了,也可能是我没有见过这种用法,结果大发一通议论。仅作学术交流之用。

 

There _______ a football match on TV this evening.

 

  A. will have  B. is going to be  C. has  D. is going to have

 

【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是There be…句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示在某个地方存在某个人或物,不能和动词have混在一起用。

 

till / until

till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性:until是till的强调形式,但是它们表达的意义是相同的,都表示"直到某时"。不过,当主句是否定句时,它引出的意思是"直到(某时)(某动作)才(发生)" ,这时候常会出现"not until …"的结构,如果将 "not until …"的结构放在句首,那么主句要写成倒装句。例如:
He didn't go to sleep until 12 last night . 
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
They didn't realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。
Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .
直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误,他们才意识到。
但是,当主句是肯定句时,它引出的意思是"直到(某时某动作停止了)" 。例如:
The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .
直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。
The young couple were very happy until they used up all their money .
那对年青夫妇直到花光了所有的钱才沮丧起来。
另外,until 可以放在句首而till则不行。我们可以说:Until they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .我们却不可以说:Till they used up all their money, the young couple were very happy .
 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
    肯定句:
  I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
  Wait till I call you.  等着我叫你。
  (在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
    否定句:
  She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
  她直到6点才到。
  Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 
  公共汽车停稳后再下车。
  I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how.  直到你教我后,我才会做。
1)Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。
  Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
  直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道。  
2)Until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首。
  ---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候?
  --- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。 
注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首,主句用倒装。
  Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
  直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热能是什么。
  Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 
  直到我开始工作,我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2) It is not until… that…

Up to date正在进行中

whether  if

whetherif都可以引导宾语从句,表示是否,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如:

I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.

Ask him whether / if he can come.

但在有些情况下,whetherif的用法有一定区别。

whether引导的从句常可以与连词oror not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:

正: Let me know whether you can come or not.

误: Let me know if you can come or not.

当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if。如:

正: Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.

误: If it is true or not, I can’t tell.

whether可以引导带to的不定式,if则不能。如:

正: I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.

误: I don’t know if to accept or refuse. \

4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后,作介词的宾语,但if不能。如:

正: I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.

误: I worry about if I hurt her feelings. \

5. whether可以引导从句,作主语、表语或同位语,而if不能。如:

正: It was uncertain whether he would come.

误: It was uncertain if he would come.

正: His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.

误: His first question was if Tom had arrived yet.

正: We must consider the question whether we will take these measures.

误: We must consider the question if we will take these measures.

 

 

It make me relax/relaxed?;I feel relax/relaxed?

第一个两者均可。因为It makes me relaxed 主语+不完全及物动词+宾语+形容词作宾语补足语  标准格式。 It makes me relax 使动用法,使我放松的意思,relax是不及物动词。

第二个只能是ed形式。I feel relaxed ,标准的 主系表 结构。

relaxed 形容词,表示放松的。

 

none, few, some, any, one, ones-代词

一、 none

1 none作主语,多与of构成短语 none of。在答语中,none可单独使用。例如:

Are there any pictures on the wall?墙上有画吗?

None.没。

2 none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致。例如:

It is none of your business.闲事莫管。

二、 few一些,少数

few作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句。

三、 some一些

1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。

2)当做"某一"解时,也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain

You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天,你会为此后悔的。

A certainsome person has seen you break

the rule.有些人不同意你的看法。

注意:

1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any

2some用于其他句式中:

a.肯定疑问句中:说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时。

Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议。例如:

Would you like some coffee?喝咖啡吗?

b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时。例如:

If you need some helplet me know.需要帮助,跟我说。

c.some位于主语部分。例如:

Some students haven't been there before.有些学生没去过那儿。

d.当否定的是整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句。例如:

I haven't heard from some of my old

friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。

四、 any一些

1 any多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。

当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句。

Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说,你可任读一本。

五、 one,复数形式为ones

ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones。例如:

Have you bought any rulers?买尺了吗?

Yes, I 've bought some.买了,买了几把。

one和ones替代词的用法:

1one只能替代单数名词,one的复数形式ones只能替代复数名词。例如:

My child doesn”t like this bookShow her a more interesting one

2.替代词oneones必须带有一个限定或修饰词,它们和所替代的名词中心词所指不一定是同一对象,这是替代词one ones在用法上的一个重要特征。例如:

I don”t like this bookI”d like a more interesting one

3.当替代词oneones带有后置修饰语时,它们前面总有定冠词。例如:

Our new cassette is more expensive than the one we had before

4.当替代词oneones在形容词比较级、最高级以及某些限定词如thisthat which和序数词等之后,可以省略。例如:

This book is much better than thatone).

5.替代词oneones通常不用在物主代词和名词所有格之后。如不可说my ones),your ones),Peter”s ones)等等。one ones也不能用在own之后。

但是,如果有了形容词,ones)可以和物主代词及名词所有格连用。如:

My cheap camera seems to be just as good as John”s expensive one

6one作替代词时,在of前面不能用 the one来表示所属关系和类似概念。如不可说:

×He put down his gun and picked up the one of Henry

该用一个所有格来表示 He picked up Henry”s

7.当两个形容词表示对照的意思时,不能使用替代词 one。仅在其中一个形容词后加上名词即可。例如:

Don”t praise the younger child in the presence of the elder

8.替代词 one如果不带任何前置修饰语,即它的前面既没有限定词,又没有形容词时,便不是替代名词词组的中心词,而是替代整个名词词组。这时,onea+单数名词。例如:

A cake made of wheat costs less than one made of rice.(one a cake

one的这种用法是泛指同类事物中的任何一个,相当一个不定冠词,因此它没有复数形式。要泛指复数事物,只能用some。例如:

Here are a few applesWould you like some(=some of them)?

one,that和it-代词

one表示泛指,thatit

表示特指。that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it与所指名词为同一个。例如:

I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。

The hat you bought is bigger than that I

bought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。

I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I

put it.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。

one,another,the other-代词

one… the other只有两个

some… the others有三个以上

one… anotheranother…

some… othersothers…

others = other people/things

the others = the rest剩余的全部

1)泛指另一个用another

2)一定范围内两人(物),一个用one,另一个用the other

3)一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用oneanother),第三个可用the othera third

4)一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others

5)泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others

Only if和if only的用法区别

一、only if

1. only if 这个短语中,副词only是中心词,而从属连接词if则只是用来连接从句的,因此,它表示只有……();只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……”的意思。例如:

I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他,只有努力才能成功。

2. only if 有时也写成only...if,表示唯一的条件,但是意思不变。例如:

I will only come home if you come with me. = I will come home only if you come with me. 只有你跟我一起走,我才回家。

二、if only

1. if only这个短语中,中心词是从属连接词if, 而副词only只是加强if的语气的,因此,if only仅仅是if的一种强化形式,不仅能表达说话人的愿望,而且能表达条件。因此,它同if一样,也能引出条件状语从句。

If only they were here now, we would be able to celebrate their wedding anniversary.如果他们现在在这里,我们就能庆祝他们的结婚纪念日了。

2. if only常常用来表达强烈的愿望或遗憾,因此,主要用在虚拟语气中,用以表达强烈的愿望或非真实条件。常被译为但愿要是……该多好啊等。例如:

If only she could have lived a little longer. 要是她能活得再长一些,那该多好啊!

3. if only从句在大多数情况下用作虚拟条件句,但是偶尔也有用在真实条件句的情况。例如:

He will succeed if only he does his best. 只要他竭尽全力,他就会成功。

4. if only有时也可以写成if... only。例如:

If she would only come! 但愿他能来。

三、从上面的分析,我们还可以看出only if if only这两个短语都可以用来引导条件从句,表示主句所需要的条件,但是两者有差异,主要表现在说话人的语义意图等方面。

1. only if 引起的条件状语从句,是一个对条件限制更严的限制性条件状语从句,表示只有……() ;只有在……的时候;唯一的条件是……”的意思;与if引起的一般条件句相比,它有一种增强主句语势的作用。例如:

Only if the case is urgent should you call out the doctor in the middle of the night. 只有患者情况紧急时,你才可以在半夜叫医生看病。

2. if only引导的条件句,通常用来表示说话人对某事所寄予的某种强烈愿望,相当于as long as。它可以独立使用,用来表示由于客观条件限制,为某事不大可能或完全不可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情,常用虚拟语气。例如:

If only I were as clever as you!要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊!

only if we understand can we care;

唯有了解,我们才会关心

only if we care will we help;

唯有关心,我们才会行动;

only if we help shall all be saved.

唯有行动,生命才会有希望。

——jane goodall

——珍妮·古道尔

spend pay cost take afford 

2010 扬州))—Angela you are going to buy a flat here, aren’t you?  

                 —Yes, but I can’t _________ an expensive one.

                A. spend   B. cost  C. pay  D. afford

问题:这四个词的区别

答:首先这样出题有点无聊,在搞脑子。

解决问题的办法很多,如在百度上搜,请看链接:http://alana22.blog.163.com/blog/static/1241846902010322782462/

spend/ pay/ cost/ take 都有花费的意思,但用法不同,区别如下

spend(spent,spent)   pay(paid,paid)    cost(cost,cost)     take(took,taken)

1. spend( 主语是人)

    spend+ 时间/+ on sth.        eg. I spent 100 yuan on the dictionary.

    spend+时间/+ (in) doing sth.   eg.He spends an hour doing his homework every day.

2.pay(主语是人) pay + ()+for sth.  eg. Sandy paid 10 yuan for the pen.

3.cost(主语是物)   eg. The pen cost Sandy 10yuan.

4.take(常跟在形式主语It , 或一件事做主语,只能表示花时间,不能表示花钱)

eg. It took them two hours to get to the city centre by underground.

   The trip from their school to the museum took them two hours by bus.

5.afford 支付得起 主语是人,afford sth.       afford to do sth.  

链接中考:

1.It will ________us several years to learn a foreign language well.

A. cost  B.take  C.spend  D.use

2. How much did the new skirt ______ you?

A. cost  B.take  C.spend  D.pay

3.- What about going to the concert this weekend?

  -Sounds great,but the ticket is too expensive,I can't ________it.

A.spend  B.cost  C.pay  D afford

答案B A D

再看一下朗文字典的解释

af?ford S1 W3 [transitive]

can/could afford[usually negative]

a) to have enough money to buy or pay for something

afford [to do] something

We can't afford to go on vacation this year.

I couldn't afford the rent on my own.

How can she afford to eat out every night?

b) to have enough time to do something:

Dad can't afford any more time off work.

c) if you cannot afford to do something, you must not do it because it could cause serious problems for you

afford to do something

We can't afford to wait any longer or we'll miss the plane.

蓝色的字是用法 afford sth/afford to do sth, 红色的字(我特意标注)是英文解释,大家以后尽量看英文的解释,少掺和中文,对你以后的学习有利。It is easy to understand , isn’t it?

 

 

 that和which

thatwhich做比较,主要在于它们在定语从句中的用法

that which在定语从句中都是做关系代词,指代先行词是事物的名词或代词(that还可以指代人,which 不可以)。通常情况下二者可以互换。

区别:

关系代词用that(不用which)的情况:

1.       先行词是all, anything, everything, nothing,关系代词应用that

That's all that he told me.

2.       先行词前有the only, the same, the very no, little, much, any, every, all 等修饰时,关系代词应用that

She is the only person that I know in this company.

3.       先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词常用that

The first thing that I want to do is to take it away.

4. 当先行词同时含有"""",关系代词应用that

5. 在固定结构the same...that...; so...that...; such...that...以及it is/was...that...的强调句型中,要用that

This is the same park that we once visited.

6. 如主句以there be开头时,关系代词应用that

There is a room that has two windows.

 

关系代词用which(不用that)的情况:

1.       非限制性定语从句中关系代词一般要用which

She won the competition, which made the whole family very happy.

2.       关系代词前如有介词,关系代词须用 which; 如把介词移至句末,可用that(或省略)

There’s only one problem about which they disagree.

This is the key (that) she was looking for.

3. 如果先行词是that,关系代词应用 which

I know that which you told me.

4. 如先行词和定语从句之间被其它较长的成分分隔,常用which

Larry told her the story of the young airman which I narrated at the beginning of this book.  (先行词为story)

5. "those+复数形式的名词"结构中,其后的关系代词多用which

A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.

6. 一个句子中如有两个定语从句,第一个定语从句用了关系代词that,第二个从句中的关系代词宜用which;但在平行结构中,应重复同一个关系代词

This is the book that you bought which you have lost.

I have a house which is located on the hillside, which faces the south.

 

此外,that还可引导同位语从句,which不能

I have heard the news that they  had won the game.

the

 the的妙用

He is one of the students who help me.

He is the one of the students who helps me.他是帮我的学生之一。

第一句定语从句与 the students一致。

第二句定语从句与 the one一致。

that

that在英文中是一个使用频率很高的单词。它有四种词性,并且句法及语法功能纷繁复杂。

第一、     that 用作形容词(后接复数名词时用those)。

它用来指已被提到的人或物;也可表对比,指两个中较远的那个。

What about that book you borrowed from me last month

请注意,that 有时候在句子中具有喜欢或轻蔑等感情色彩。

that little son of his 他那个小宝贝儿子

That George!乔治那家伙!(含有轻蔑语气)

第二、that 用作代词。

1. that 用作指示代词(复数形式是those),其指代意义同形容词用法,同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词;还可为了避免重复,代替前述名词。

That is what he told me.

What is that (which) you have got in your hand?

The price of rice is higher than that of flour.

2.         that 用作关系代词,引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物,用法相当于whowhich。但是在下列情况下多用that

先行词既有人又有物时;先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、veryonly等修饰时;先行词是不定代词时

He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.

I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.

She has little information that is useful for our research.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

请注意,that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。

The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.

第三、that 用作连词,引导名词性从句,状语从句和强调句。

1. that名词性从句。

①引导宾语从句。及物动词后的引导词that可省略。

I didn't expect (that) he could win the championship.

The teacher pointed out that Tom was not working hard enough.

引导主语从句。通常采用it作形式主语的句型。

That the earth goes around the sun is known to everyone.

It is known to everyone that the earth goes around the sun.

③引导表语从句。

The trouble is that we are short of money.

④引导同位语从句。

引导同位语从句的that和引导定语从句的that是不同的。前者只起语法作用,在从句中不作任何成分;而后者在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。举例说明:

The news that he resigned from office surprised us.

The idea that he holds is very common nowadays on campus.

3.       that引导状语从句

①    引导目的状语从句。

Bring it nearer that I may see it better.

②    引导结果状语从句。

What have I done that he should be so angry with me?

③引导原因状语从句。

I am afraid that I will fail in the driving test.

④引导让步状语从句。意为虽然、尽管

Difficult that/as the task was, they managed to accomplish it on time.

⑤引导条件状语从句。意为假使、假设

Supposing that you were in my position, what would you do?

On condition that you were lost in the desert, you should ask for help as soon as possible.

4.       引导强调句。

It is Mrs. White that makes the decision in her family, not her meek little husband.

It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.

第四、that用作副词。

1. that用作普通副词。

I was that/so angry I could have hit him.

2. that用作关系副词。引导定语从句,可以代替whenwhere why in which,常可省略。

I will never forget the evening (that) / when we went to the theatre.

The house (that)/where I used to live has been knocked down.

第五,与that 有关的常见重要短语。

1. in that,意为既然、因为

Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.

2. now that,意为既然、由于

Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened.

3. see (to it) that,意为注意、务必做到、保证

We will see to it that she gets home early.

See to it that you are not late again.

5.       seeing that,意为鉴于、由于

Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.

Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him.

以上是that主要用法的概述,希望能对大家有所帮助。当然,that还有其他的一些用法,需要我们在学习的过程中不断地积累和总结。

 

would like/love to do sth.: 喜欢做某事

You don’t say so未必吧,不可能吧!

You don’t say真的吗?really?

以-ly结尾的形容词friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly

-ly结尾的形容词

大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendlydeadlylovelylonelylikelylivelyuglybrotherly,仍为形容词。

改错:(错) She sang lovely.

(错) He spoke to me very friendly.

(对) Her singing was lovely.

(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.

有些以-ly结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。

例如:

The Times is a weekly paper.《时代周刊》为周刊。

The Times is published weekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。

 

用形容词表示类别和整体

4.3用形容词表示类别和整体

1)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如the deadthe livingthe richthe poorthe blindthe hungry等。例如:

The poor are losing hope.穷人行将失去希望。

2)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如the

Britishthe Englishthe Frenchthe Chinese等。例如:

The English have wonderful sense of humor.英国人颇有幽默感。

 

形容词修饰名词的顺序

一、口诀:大哥限描大,二哥形龄颜,小弟籍物类,同站名词前。

限定词:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。

前位限定词:allhalfboth、分数和倍数;

中位限定词:冠词(the a)、指示代词(thisthatlast)、物主代词等(my,our)

后位限定词:序数词和基数词,但序数词位于基数词前。First, two,few,several

:both my handsall half his income等。

描:描绘性形容词。brave beautiful lovely nice…

大:大小、高低、长短等形容词。biglargesmall…

形:形状。roundsquare…

龄:年龄、新旧、年代等。youngoldnew…

颜:颜色。redbluegreen…

籍:国籍、地区、出处。ChineseAmericaJapanese…

物:物质材料的形容词。goldenwoodenwax…

类:表示类别、用途。medicalchemicalwriting…

例:

一个旧的很漂亮的黑色的日本式的方形木制小写字桌

 A pretty little square old black Japanese wooden writing desk.

 一件漂亮的中式新的短装红羊毛外套 

A beautiful short new red Chinese woollen coat.

a small round table/ a tall gray building/a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car

典型例题 :

1. Tony is going camping with ___ boys.

A.little two other      B. two little other

C.two other little      D.little other two

答案:C

2 One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.

A. old Chinese stone    B. Chinese old stone

C.old stone Chinese     D. Chinese stone old

答案A.

3 ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

---- It was great. We visited some friendsand spent the ___days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny       B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few       D. few sunny last

答案: B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后。

 

二、口诀:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后排;

限定词:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词,它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位,即:前、中、后。

前位限定词:allhalfboth、分数和倍数;

中位限定词:冠词、指示代词、物主代词等;

后位限定词:基数词和序数词,但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my handsall half his income等。

描绘形容词:beautifulbadcoldgreat等。

大长高形容词:表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。

形状类形容词:round square等。

国籍类形容词:指一个国家或地区的词。

材料类形容词:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。

作用类形容词:medical, collegewriting deskpolice car等。

如:

He bought three expensive brown Russian fur coats. 他买了三件昂贵的俄国产的棕色皮大衣

a beautiful white Chinese peacock.       一只美丽的中国白孔雀       

a fine old stone bridge;                 一座漂亮的旧石桥

his large new black foreign car.          他的那辆新的黑色的外国小汽车:

two beautiful new green silk evening dress  两件又新又漂亮的丝绸女士晚礼服;

that hungry, tired, sleepy little match girl   那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩;

an old large brick dining hall            一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。

a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。

三、英文形容词的排序:OPSHACOM

《郎文英语语法》描述为:品质尺寸新旧样式颜色产地过去分词。 

英国广播公司(BBC)在英语教学节目"Professor Grammar"中提出了一种称为OPSHACOM的方法。现介绍给广大读者。

OPSHACOM 是个拼缀词,它的涵义如下:

OP---opinion:评述性词。如beautifulwonderfulexpensiveterrible horriblelovelysillyugly等。 

SH---size shape:表大小、长短、形状的词。如 longshortroundsquare等。 

A---age:表年龄、新旧的词。如oldnew等。 

C---colour:表颜色的词。如redblackpurplebrownyellow等。 

O---origin:表产地的词。如ItalianSpanishCanadianAustralianJapanese 等。

M---material:表材料的词。如leatherglassrubbermetalsilkplastic等。 

如:一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克 a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket

理论上一个名词前可有9个形容词,但在实际语言材料中一般不超过5个。因此,掌握了本方法可基本解决形容词修饰名词时的顺序问题。 

学习OPSHACOM方法时还要注意以下事项: 

1各修饰词(即形容词)可有缺项,但顺序不变。如:a small Swiss watch 

2当表大小(或长短)的词与表形状的词同时出现时,大小(或长短)在前,形状在后。如:a large square table 

3定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、形容词性所有格、数词等位于句首。 

4数词位于定冠词、指示代词后。(数词不与不定冠词或形容词性所有格连用)

5分词最靠近所修饰的名词。如:his new Japanese timing devicethree scottish handmade skirts 

下面请读者做几道练习题: 

OPSHACOM法将下列各题括号中的单词按正确顺序排列: 

1.(Canadian extraordinary an newplay 

2.(greenalargegarden 

3.(goldBritishtheroundcoin 

4.(uglywritingthesteelsevendesks 

5.(purple Russian nice long hercoat 

6This____girl Linda"s conusin.(2005北京卷)

A. pretty little Spanish      B. Spanish little pretty

C. Spanish pretty          D. liite pretty Spanish

答案: 

1an extraordinary new Canadian play 

2a large green garden 

3the round British gold coin 

4the seven ugly steel writing desks 

5her nice long purple Russian coat

6.A

兼有两种形式的副词

1 closeclosely

close意思是""closely意思是"仔细地"。例如:

He is sitting close to me.他就坐在我边上。

Watch him closely.盯着他。

2 latelately

late意思是""lately意思是"最近"。例如:

You have come too late.你来得太晚了。

What have you been doing lately?近来好吗?

3 deepdeeply

deep意思是"",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"。例如:

He pushed the stick deep into the mud.他把棍子深深插进泥里。

Even father was deeply moved by the film.老爸也被电影深深打动了。

4 highhighly

high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much。例如:

The plane was flying high.这架飞机飞得很高。

I think highly of your opinion.你的看法很有道理。

5 widewidely

wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地""在许多地方"。例如:

He opened the door wide.他把门开得大大的。

English is widely used in the world.英语在世界范围内广泛使用。

6 freefreely

free的意思是"免费"freely的意思是"无限制地"。例如:

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论什么时候,我这饭铺免费对你开放。

You may speak freely; say what you like.你可以畅所欲言,想说什么就说什么。

as +形容词或副词原级 + as

as +形容词或副词原级 + as

1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。例如:

He cannot run so/as fast as you.他没你跑得快。

2)当as… as中间有名词时采用以下格式:as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much+名词。例如:

This is as good an example as the other is.

这个例子和另外一个一样好。

I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸,我也能。

3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时,放在as的前面。例如:

This room is twice as big as that one.这房间的面积是那间的两倍。

Your room is the same size as mine.你的房间和我的一样大。

4)倍数+ as + adj. + as<=>倍数+ the… + of。例如:

This bridge is three times as long as that one.这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。

This bridge is three times the length of that one.

Your room is twice as large as mine.你的房间是我的两倍大。

Your room is twice the size of mine.

可修饰比较级的词a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even

1a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。

2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。

3)以上词(除by far)外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

典型例题:

1. ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- YesI'm fine now.

A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better

答案: B. any可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better.

2. The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.

A.more B.much more C.much D.more much

答案: C.much可修饰比较级,因此BC都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案。

3. If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time     B. a more happier time

C. Much happiest time    D.a much happier time答案: D

习题汇编

 

选择

1.Silence,please,class.we’re going to have a math test in this class.Now I am going to give_____AYour test papers.

 A out    B over   C up    D back

Hand out give out give away 都有分发的意思

2._Must I get up before six o’clock tomorrow morning, dad?

 _No, you______. Tomorrow is Sunday. You may get up later.C

A mustn’t   B can’t   C needn’t    D  may not

3. —____ do you study for a test?

  —____ I study by working with a group.(B)

 A Where   B How   C When   D Why

4.——What a clean and bright classroom,isn’t?

  ——Yes,it’s always clean and bright because it ___ every day.(C)

 A cleans   B cleaned   C is cleaned   D was cleaned

5.——Will Liu Ying come to school today?(D)

  ——I Don’t know. But I also want to know _____.

 A that she will come to school today   B whether will she come to school today

C how will she come to school today    D if she will come to school today

6. ——Where is your brother? I haven’t seen him for days. (B)

——He __________ England on business.

A. is going to  B. has gone to  C. has been to  D. goes to

7. ——Has the train arrived?

——No. It  ____________ here until one o’clock tomorrow.

 A. hasn’t got B. didn’t arrive C. won’t get D. didn’t leave (C)

注意:1.此题注意get to have got 区别

2.not until前面用过去式,后面也用过去式;前面用现在时,后面也用现在时。

8.——How long may I _______ this magazines?(C)

  ——Theree books.

 A.borrow   B.lend  C.keep  D.get

9. ——I want to have a class party .will you help me to _____it?

   ——Sure,Helen.(A)

A.      organize B.take C.explain D.hold

分析:organize组织,.hold举行,主持较正式的会议、运动会

10.  —Listen! Our music teacher is playing the music of Two Butterflies.

     —­­­­_______________!D

   A.What a sweet music        B.How sweet music

C. How a sweet music        D. What sweet music

分析:确实有what a /an 的说法  但是前提是 后面的名词是可数名词。

11. —I’m very tired these days because of studying for physics.

—Why not ______ muisc. It can make you _______.D

A. listen to; relaxing                                       B. to listen to; to relax

C. listening to; relax                                       D. listen to; relax

12—Hello, Mike. Long time no see. Where are you? D

—Oh, not only my parent but also I _______ Wuhan for a month.

A. have gone to                  B. have been to         C. has been in            D. have been in

13. —I hear Yang Yan made an English speech at the graduation ceremony yesterday.

—_______, and _______.A

A. So she did; so did I                                             B. So did she; so I did                

C. So she was; so I was                                          D. So was she; so I was

14. -- Do you know ___________ he’s going to tell her the news?

--Yes. He’s going to do it as soon as it is back.(D)

A.      what B. where C. how D. when

注:区别what when

以上14题已编著到一选择文档中

15. -----What can we call her ?

    -----Her full name is Lucy Marion King , We can call her ______

      A ,Miss Lucy       B  Miss King     C , Miss Marion    D, Miss Lucy Maron

注:区别姓和名

16. ------Who’s that woman with Ann?

17.-------I’m not sure.  It   ___  be  her mother

    A, may            B,  can                 C  , will                D,   must

18.——I haven’t been to a water park. What about you?

  ____Me n_______.(neither)

19._______talking! Here is the library.

  A. Don’t              B. No               C. Not      D. Can’t

20. We have to get to the bus station_________8 o’clock, or we’ll be late.

  A. for                               B. in      C .by        D. on

213. ---I like soap operas. How about you? ---I agree _____you.

  A. to   B. for   C. with     D. on

22. The news made us________.

  A. feel excited   B. feeled   excited   C. feeling excited   D. to feel excited

23. They sang and danced. 他们既唱歌又跳舞。(改为否定句)

They didn't sing or dance. 他们既没有唱歌也没有跳舞。

 

完成句子

1.—Sarah,__________________________.(你把房间打扫一下好吗?)

  —Ok.mum.I’ll do it in a minute. (mind)

  Would/do you mind cleaning/sweeping the room?

2.Could you tell me ________________?(在加拿大是否讲英语)speak

  If/whether English is spoken in Canadaif/whether Canadians/people/they speak English in Canada

3.I _____________ (数学学得好) this term than I did last term.(DO)

  Do/did /have done better in math

4.Would you ___________ (不要把音乐的声音调大了)My baby is sleeping.(mind)

  Mind not turn up the music

5.It’s a bad habit to ______________.(开着灯睡觉)

  Sleep/have a sleep/go to sleep with the light(s) on

6.Why not consider ___________________(给他提供信息) about student exchange programs?  (provide)

Providing him with some information

 

 


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